Experimental Transposition of the Extraocular Muscles in Monkeys*

Leinfelder, P.J.; Black, Nelson M.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(41)90512-3

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example, cats pitched up and down about the interaural axis while viewing an optokinetic drum rotating about a superoinferior axis exhibit “cross-axis adaptation” such that subsequent head pitch in darkness elicits an aVOR response with a large yaw component (Schultheis and Robinson 1981, Baker et al 1986, 1987; Harrison et al 1986). Similar effects have been observed in monkeys exposed to a synchronously moving visual surround during head rotation (Fukushima et al 1996; Angelaki and Hess 1998) or surgical transposition of extraocular muscles (Leinfelder and Black 1941). Humans exposed to a tilted visual surround develop changes in perception of spatial orientation (Mikaelian and Held 1964, Morant and Beller 1965, Ebenholtz 1966; Mack and Rock 1968) and aVOR responses (Callan and Ebenholtz 1982) appropriate to reduce retinal image slip and tilt.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Cross-axis adaptation improves 3D vestibulo-ocular reflex alignment during chronic stimulation via a head-mounted multichannel vestibular prosthesis

et al. 2011

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By sensing three-dimensional (3D) head rotation and electrically stimulating the three ampullary branches of a vestibular nerve to encode head angular velocity, a multichannel vestibular prosthesis (MVP) can restore vestibular sensation to individuals disabled by loss of vestibular hair cell function. However, current spread to afferent fibers innervating non-targeted canals and otolith endorgans can distort the vestibular nerve activation pattern, causing misalignment between the perceived and actual axis of head rotation. We hypothesized that over time, central neural mechanisms can adapt to correct this misalignment. To test this, we rendered five chinchillas vestibular-deficient via bilateral gentamicin treatment and unilaterally implanted them with a head mounted MVP. Comparison of 3D angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR) responses during 2 Hz, 50°/s peak horizontal sinusoidal head rotations in darkness on the first, third and seventh days of continual MVP use revealed that eye responses about the intended axis remained stable (at about 70% of the normal gain) while misalignment improved significantly by the end of one week of prosthetic stimulation. A comparable time course of improvement was also observed for head rotations about the other two semicircular canal axes and at every stimulus frequency examined (0.2–5 Hz). In addition, the extent of disconjugacy between the two eyes progressively improved during the same time window. These results indicate that the central nervous system rapidly adapts to multichannel prosthetic vestibular stimulation to markedly improve 3D aVOR alignment within the first week after activation. Similar adaptive improvements are likely to occur in other species, including humans.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Cross-axis adaptation improves 3D vestibulo-ocular reflex alignment during chronic stimulation via a head-mounted multichannel vestibular prosthesis

et al. 2011

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“…Leinfelder and Black [23] first described ASI following muscle transposition in the rhesus monkey. Girard and Beltranena [1] reported that tenotomies of three or four rectus muscles produce anterior ischemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-Aqueous Barrier Disruptionin Expe rimental Anterior Segment Ischemia in Rabbit Eyes

Inoue

Shirabe

Yamamoto³

1999

Ophthalmic Res

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The blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) in experimentally induced anterior segment ischemia (ASI) following strabismus or retinal detachment surgery in pigmented rabbits was evaluated by laser flare photometry. Four simultaneous rectus tenotomies produced a significantly higher flare value on the 1st postoperative day. Obstruction of one or two vortex veins produced significantly high flare values on the 1st and 3rd postoperative days. Scleral buckling with interference of one vortex vein produced a higher flare value than that with buckling alone. Interference of three vortex veins by diathermy and the encircling procedure produced serious ASI. Disruption of BAB in ASI can be detected quantitatively with laser flare photometry. Introduction of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor resulted in a significant reduction of flare values following surgery. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor can partly ameliorate BAB disruption.

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“…Clinical and pathological features were described by Harbitz [69] in 1926. Leinfelder and Black [70] in 1941 described it on the experimental transposition of the extra-ocular muscles in monkeys. Skipper and Flint [71] in 1952 described symptoms and signs in 18 cases.…”

Section: Lesions Produced By Anterior Ciliary Artery Occlusion Anteri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uveal vascular bed in health and disease: lesions produced by occlusion of the uveal vascular bed and acute uveal ischaemic lesions seen clinically. Paper 2 of 2

Hayreh

Hayreh²

2023

Eye

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From studies on postmortem anatomical descriptions of the uveal vascular bed, it was generally concluded that occlusion of PCA or its branches should not produce an ischemic lesion. However, in vivo studies have recorded that the PCAs and their branches, right down to the terminal choroidal arterioles, and the choriocapillaris, have a segmental distribution in the choroid, and that PCAs and choroidal arteries function as end-arteries. This explains the basis of the occurrence of isolated inflammatory, ischemic, metastatic, and degenerative choroidal lesions, which are usually localized. Thus, in vivo studies have completely revolutionized our concept of the uveal vascular bed in disease.

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Experimental Transposition of the Extraocular Muscles in Monkeys*

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Cross-axis adaptation improves 3D vestibulo-ocular reflex alignment during chronic stimulation via a head-mounted multichannel vestibular prosthesis

Cross-axis adaptation improves 3D vestibulo-ocular reflex alignment during chronic stimulation via a head-mounted multichannel vestibular prosthesis

Blood-Aqueous Barrier Disruptionin Expe rimental Anterior Segment Ischemia in Rabbit Eyes

Uveal vascular bed in health and disease: lesions produced by occlusion of the uveal vascular bed and acute uveal ischaemic lesions seen clinically. Paper 2 of 2

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