Experimental trichothecene mycotoxicosis produced in broiler chickens by<i>Fusarium sporotrichiella</i>var.<i>sporotrichioides</i>

Hoerr, Frederic J.; Carlton, William W.; Tuite, J.; Vesonder, R. F.; Rohwedder, W. K.; Szigeti, G.

doi:10.1080/03079458208436113

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These findings were not reported for gizzard lesions produced by feeding diets containing fish meal, 16 high levels of histamine, 14 copper, 9,17 or mycotoxins. 15,23 Therefore, these findings may be available for presumptive diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Pathologic and immunohistochemical changes caused by group I of the fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype-1 99ZH strain, isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, were investigated in commercial broiler chickens. One hundred twenty-two chickens were inoculated with the strain by both oral and ocular routes at 1, 3, or 5 weeks of age and euthanatized for necropsy within 4-18 days of inoculation. Focal gizzard erosions were observed in the inoculated chickens of each age group. A histologically degenerative koilin layer, necrotic mucosa, intranuclear inclusion bodies in the glandular epithelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltrations in the lamina propria, submucosa, and a muscle layer were seen in the gizzards. Immunohistochemical staining showed evidence of FAV antigens in the intranuclear inclusion bodies. These findings were recognized regardless of their maternal antibody levels for FAV serotype-1. Gizzard lesions appeared later in the lower-dose-inoculated chickens than in the higher-dose-inoculated chickens. Numerous CD3-positive cells and IgY-positive plasma cells were seen in the gizzard lesions. In 5-week-old chickens the heterophil infiltrations in the lesions were milder than in younger chickens. Intranuclear inclusion bodies also were observed in the epithelial cells of the ileum or cecal tonsils of some chickens. Thus, this study shows that FAV-99ZH causes adenoviral gizzard erosion in broiler chickens without hepatic or pancreatic lesions and that cell infiltration is more severe than in dietary gizzard erosions.Key words: Adenovirus; broiler chickens; erosion; gizzard.Fowl adenovirus (FAV) is ubiquitous in chickens, as demonstrated by antibody surveys 11,41 and the high isolation rates of FAV in specimens taken from normal and sick birds. 3,19 FAV is associated with naturally occurring outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), 39 hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), 1 respiratory disease, 5 necrotizing pancreatitis, 32 or gizzard erosion.Gizzard erosions and ulcers in chickens have been associated with diets that are deficient in vitamin B 6 4 or with the ingestion of histamine, 14 gizzerosine, 26 and mycotoxins. 15 Gizzard erosions also have been observed at a high rate in the embryos and chicks of broilers. 36 However, several natural cases of gizzard erosion associated with FAV infection have been reported in layer chickens, broiler chickens, and quails in recent years. 2,10,25,37 Gizzard erosion has been observed in chickens inoculated with group I FAV serotype-8 and affected with hemorrhagic aplastic anemia syndrome. 12 In previous studies, however, the role played by FAV as a pathogen of gizzard erosion was not clearly established, because no viral examinations were conducted and because there were no adenoviral intranuclear inclusion bodies in the gizzard lesions. Some FAVs that had originally been isolated from either the proventriculus or a gastrointestinal pool of the tissues of broiler chickens caused gizzard erosions by experimental infection. 22 In our previous studi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Gizzard erosions also have been observed at a high rate in the embryos and chicks of broilers. 36 However, several natural cases of gizzard erosion associated with FAV infection have been reported in layer chickens, broiler chickens, and quails in recent years.…”

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confidence: 90%

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

et al. 2003

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“…Sporadically there are egg spots with frequency up to about 3%. This was confirmed by Hoerr et al (1982) who found that this toxin causes severe lesions in the mouth, salivary glands and tongue where a yellowish pseudomembranes are formed and after there removal lesions remain.…”

Section: Chickensmentioning

confidence: 68%

Mycotoxicoses of poultry caused by trichothecenes

Jakic-Dimic¹,

Nešić²,

Šefer

2011

BIOTEC ANIM HUSB

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Recent mycological and mycotoxicological analysis of many feed samples have shown that this problem is still present. It is approved that mouldy feed can contain various mycotoxins, but in our conditions among the most investigated and usually present are some trichotecenes. Based on laboratory feed inspection of samples sent to be analysed in the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of Serbia in Belgrade it was concluded that fungi and mycotoxins contamination are common. Although detected levels usually do not exceed limits layed by actual legislation, having on mind cumulative effects and possible chronical exposure of animals to their harmful influence, appropriate and competent approach is necessary. In fact, even when direct loses, as consequence of high mortality are not present, indirect loses due to drop of performances and production and higher incidence of other deseases must not be neglected.

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“…The levels of ΖΕΑ in some examined samples may be of concern, but it is unlikely that the individual levels of the other toxins detected would be harmful to either animal or human health (Agnew et al 1986). However, the presence of more than one mycotoxin in the majority of the samples could perhaps be of extra significance because of the reported synergistic and/or additive action of these mycotoxins (Hoerr et al 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally occurringFusariumtoxins in New Zealand maize

Hussein

Franich

Baxter

et al. 1989

Food Additives and Contaminants

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Twenty samples of maize collected from healthy growing crops and at harvest time and during storage were screened for four Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin and zearalenone) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. Seventeen samples (85%) contained one or more of these toxins. Zearalenone was present in 15 samples at levels ranging between 0.1 and 16 ppm. Deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin were found in 11, 6 and 13 samples respectively, all at levels below 1 ppm. This work documents the first reported natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in New Zealand maize, and it is concluded that all four of the mycotoxins studied are prevalent in apparently healthy standing crops as well as in stored maize.

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Experimental trichothecene mycotoxicosis produced in broiler chickens byFusarium sporotrichiellavar.sporotrichioides

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Mycotoxicoses of poultry caused by trichothecenes

Naturally occurringFusariumtoxins in New Zealand maize

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