Experimental validation of autonomous PV-based water pumping system optimum sizing

Photovoltaic modules and their applications: A review on thermal modelling

“…Water pumping appears to be most suitable for solar PV applications as water demand increases during dry days when plenty of sunshine is available [56,57]. A SPV water pumping system is expected to deliver a minimum of 15,000 l per day for 200 Wp and 1, 70,000 l per day for 2250 Wp panel from a suction of 7 m and/or total head of 10 m on clear sunny day.…”

Quantifying the decrease of the photovoltaic panels’ energy yield due to phenomena of natural air pollution disposal

“…Note that the ageing effect appears mainly during the last years of the installation's service period while the energy yield decrease (due to the air pollution disposal) is evident from the first operational year of the installation and may be even more significant in cases of longer periods of drought. The total error (z3%) of the experimental procedure was calculated by carrying out a number of independent measurements and by analysing the accuracy of the equipment used for recording the current intensity, voltage and solar radiation throughout the experimental procedure [25,27]. At this point, what is worth pointing out is the reliability of the results obtained, since an appropriate statistical t-test was executed for the mean power output values of the clear "P 1 " and the polluted "P j " pair of PV-panels, in order to ascertain if the resulting power output differences "dP j " (dP j ¼ P 1 ÀP j ) constitute real values or have been configured by the systematic and random errors of the measurements.…”

“…2). The laboratory's installation used in the current study [25] (Fig. 3) is composed by a PV-generator of 12 panels (maximum power of every panel 51 W p , corresponding dimensions 988 mm  448 mm) of poly-Si, properly connected, a solar collector, a water tank, certain electrical loads, a lead-acid battery storage system, a DC/DC charge controller (1 kW rated power), a monitoring station and a control panel.…”

An evaluation of the use of renewable energy to pump water in Sacala las Lomas, Guatemala

“…Kumar and Kandpal (2007) found that PV and windmill systems had good potential for widespread application for irrigation pumping in India. Kaldellis et al (2009) also describe a successful PV water pumping system in Greece with a head of less than 80 m and a flowrate less than 10 l/min. While these literature studies are encouraging, there are significant differences for pumping schemes in the highlands of Guatemala, including the pumping of groundwater primarily for drinking water purposes, the relatively deep groundwater depths in Guatemala, and the desire to reduce consumer costs by replacing or reducing the quantity of electricity purchased from the currently available utility service.…”