Photovoltaic modules and their applications: A review on thermal modelling

A holistic approach to thermodynamic analysis of photo-thermo-electrical processes in a photovoltaic cell

“…They concluded that there is still further works needed with respect to the calculations of heat and exergy losses. Tiwari et al [24] reviewed description and thermal model of PV and hybrid photovoltaic thermal (HPVT) systems, using water and air as the working fluid resulting that the use of BIPVT systems is always advantageous from the economic point of view than similar BIPV system. The manufacturing cost is least (1.5 $/kWp) for amorphous silicon (a-Si) and is most (2.5 $/kWp) for mono-crystalline silicon.…”

A review on the thermal regulation techniques for non integrated flat PV modules mounted on building top

“…Hence under these circumstances, it is more cost effective to install a single stand alone PV system to power remote residential areas, water pumps in remote agricultural fields, powering of lighting signs, beacons, hydrological measuring stations, microwave repeaters, meters and other facilities. Flat PV systems also find application in disaster management networks such as refugee camps [1].…”

The performance of a heat pipe based solar PV/T roof collector and its potential contribution in district heating applications

“…The integration of PV panels, with thermal collectors as hybrid photovoltaic thermal PV/T panels enables more efficient cooling of the panel and the simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energies. Some of the most widespread PV/T collector technologies or heat exchangers are based on water cooling or air cooling systems [14][15][16][17]. According to the literature the use of active cooling techniques is able to decrease the operating temperatures of the PV panels by 20%, while to increase their electrical efficiency by 9% [18,19].…”

“…When the PV temperature increases to 45 o C, the electrical efficiency of the panel is in the range of 13.5 to 14.4 %, depending on the type of PV panels. [14,15]. The integration of PV panels, with thermal collectors as hybrid photovoltaic thermal PV/T panels enables more efficient cooling of the panel and the simultaneous production of thermal and electrical energies.…”