Experimental validation of indoor relay-assisted visible light communications for a last-meter access network

Pešek, Petr; Zvánovec, Stanislav; Chvojka, Petr; Ghassemlooy, Zabih; Nor, Norhanis Aida Mohd; Tabeshmehr, Pooria

doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2019.06.071

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One work [29] has implemented beam steering using liquid lenses with feedback and a locking mechanism, however, the time delay to lock the user's location is too long to be useful for practical scenarios. Relay-based cooperative network has been proposed to improve the VLC coverage [30]- [32] but these approaches add extra hardware to the system. A simulation based study of transmitters arrangement and power allocation has been proposed for consistent communication performance in a room where multiple transmitters are installed [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage Improvement of Laser Diode-Based Visible Light Communication Systems Using an Engineered Diffuser

Bera,

Parthiban,

Karmakar

2023

IEEE Access

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A combination of a blue laser diode (LD) and a warm white light emitting diode (LED) has been used for indoor lighting and visible light communications (VLC). Contrary to LD and phosphor based white lighting communication, no blue LD power is lost due to phosphor conversion. As a result, a longer communication distance has been achieved. The laser beam is diffused in a hat-top profile by an engineered diffuser in such a way that the received signal strength remains flat over a large area, thus improving the coverage area of the communication system. The experiment demonstrates a 1.7 Gbits/s communication speed over a distance of 1.85 m keeping bit error rate (BER) below 2.8 × 10 −3 over a large area. The coverage area has been improved by 238% to 2.27m 2 using the hat-top diffuser from 0.95m 2 for a phosphor diffuser. This is the largest reported coverage area for the achieved VLC speed at 1.85 m distance to the best of the authors' knowledge. A correlated color temperature (CCT) of 2952 and a color rendering index (CRI) of 86 have been achieved and the blue light exposure has been kept under the permitted limit. As the radiation standards for eye safety are more relaxed for the infrared (IR) spectrum compared to the visible spectrum, a near-IR LD has been utilized to achieve higher data rates. A data rate of 2.55 Gbits/s has been achieved using the near-IR LD and the proposed diffuser for the same coverage area and distance.INDEX TERMS Visible light communications, VLC coverage, optical wireless communications, free space optics, hybrid LED-LD, OWC, engineered diffuser.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage Improvement of Laser Diode-Based Visible Light Communication Systems Using an Engineered Diffuser

Bera,

Parthiban,

Karmakar

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Further, the location problem has generally been considered to be non-cooperative, and only position measurements are performed between the target point and the reference point [ 16 ]. The main principle behind the cooperation-based approach is to use measurements between target nodes (located) and reference nodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li-Pos: A Light Positioning Framework Leveraging OFDM for Visible Light Communication

Haider

Irshad

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The design of solid-state lighting is vital, as numerous metrics are involved in their exact positioning, and as it is utilized in various processes, ranging from intelligent buildings to the internet of things (IoT). This work aims to determine the power and delay spread from the light source to the receiver plane. The positions of the light source and receiver were used for power estimation. We focus on analog orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) in visible light communication (VLC) and assess the area under the curve (AUC). The proposed system was designed using modulation techniques (i.e., quadrature amplitude modulation; QAM) for visible light communication (VLC) and pulse-width modulation (PWM) for dimming sources. For the positioning and spreading of brightness, the proof-of-concept was weighted equally over the entire area. Therefore, the receiver plane was analyzed, in order to measure the power of each light-emitting diode (LED) in a given area, using the delayed mean square error (MSE). A framework was applied for the placement of LEDs, using full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) parameters with varying distances. Then, the received power was confirmed. The results show that the AUC using DRMS values for LEDs significantly increased (by 30%) when the number of source LEDs was changed from four to three. These results confirm that our system, associated with the simple linear lateration estimator, can achieve better energy consumption.

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“…Transmission failure can happen due to shadowing in VLC links. However, for better reliability and greater LEDs link coverage, different light sources in indoor environments, such as ceilings, desks, and floor lights are deployed as relay nodes [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Relaying over VLC Channels

Gheth

Rabie

Adebisi

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The line-of-sight (LoS) channel is one of the requirements for efficient data transmission in visible-light communications (VLC), but this cannot always be guaranteed in indoor applications for a variety of reasons, such as moving objects and the layout of rooms. The relay-assisted VLC system is one of the techniques that can be used to address this issue and ensures seamless connectivity. This paper investigates the performance of half-duplex (HD) conventional DF relay system and cooperative systems (i.e., selective DF (SDF) and incremental DF (IDF)) over VLC channels in terms of outage probability and energy consumption. Analytical expressions for both outage probability and the minimum energy-per-bit performance of the aforementioned relaying systems are derived. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulations are provided throughout the paper to validate the derived expressions. The results show that exploiting SDF and IDF relaying schemes can achieve approximately 25% and 15% outage probability enhancement compared to single-hop and DF protocols, respectively. The results also demonstrate that the performance of the single-hop VLC system deteriorates when the end-to-end distances become larger. For example, when the vertical distance is 3.5m, the single-hop approach consumes 20%, 40% and 45% more energy in comparison to the DF, SDF, and IDF approaches, respectively.

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Experimental validation of indoor relay-assisted visible light communications for a last-meter access network

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Coverage Improvement of Laser Diode-Based Visible Light Communication Systems Using an Engineered Diffuser

Coverage Improvement of Laser Diode-Based Visible Light Communication Systems Using an Engineered Diffuser

Li-Pos: A Light Positioning Framework Leveraging OFDM for Visible Light Communication

Performance Analysis of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Relaying over VLC Channels

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