Performance Analysis of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Relaying over VLC Channels

Gheth, Waled; Rabie, Khaled M.; Adebisi, Bamidele; Ijaz, Muhammad; Harris, Georgina

doi:10.3390/s20133660

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Cooperative and relay-assisted protocols are an example of such solutions where a VLC receiver that is not within the LoS with the VLC emitter receives the information with the help of an intermediate node. The efficacy of this method has been intensively investigated in indoor VLC applications [ 18 , 19 ]. This solution has also been found to be suitable in inter-vehicle applications and the results showed that the connectivity on curved roads can be improved with the help of a relay vehicle [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussion On the Results Contributions Of This Work And Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These unique perspectives, together with an inherent ability to provide small size isolated cells, allow the VLC technology to be considered a major candidate in Fifth Generation (5G) and Sixth Generation (6G) mobile and wireless networks [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. It should be also mentioned that in addition to lighting and communication functions, the VLC technology has the potential to provide high accuracy indoor localization and positioning that reaches centimeter precisions [ 15 , 16 ], opening the door to a whole new range of applications [ 17 ], which in turn increases the need for a better mobility [ 18 , 19 ] and multi-user connections [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Misalignment Effect in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Experimental Demonstration of a 75 Meters Link

Avatamanitei

Beguni

Căilean

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The use of visible light communications technology in communication-based vehicle applications is gaining more and more interest as the research community is constantly overcoming challenge after challenge. In this context, this article addresses the issues associated with the use of Visible Light Communications (VLC) technology in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications, while focusing on two crucial issues. On the one hand, it aims to investigate the achievable communication distance in V2V applications while addressing the least favorable case, namely the one when a standard vehicle rear lighting system is used as a VLC emitter. On the other hand, this article investigates another highly unfavorable use case scenario, i.e., the case when two vehicles are located on adjacent lanes, rather than on the same lane. In order to evaluate the compatibility of the VLC technology with the usage in inter-vehicle communication, a VLC prototype is intensively evaluated in outdoor conditions. The experimental results show a record V2V VLC distance of 75 m, while providing a Bit Error Ratio (BER) of 10−7–10−6. The results also show that the VLC technology is able to provide V2V connectivity even in a situation where the vehicles are located on adjacent lanes, without a major impact on the link performances. Nevertheless, this situation generates an initial no-coverage zone, which is determined by the VLC receiver reception angle, whereas in some cases, vehicle misalignment can generate a BER increase that can go up to two orders of magnitude.

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Section: Discussion On the Results Contributions Of This Work And Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Misalignment Effect in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Experimental Demonstration of a 75 Meters Link

Avatamanitei

Beguni

Căilean

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In DF protocol, the relay decodes the source message from the upstream node, re-encodes, and forward it to the downstream nodes, whereas in AF protocol the received signal is amplified and forwarded to the intended nodes. Recently, many works in the literature reported the implementation of CC in VLC Systems [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The channel response of a single-relay-based indoor VLC system is analyzed in [8] in which the relay adopts an AF strategy and the receiver considers the reflected components from the walls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [9], the applicability of vehicular VLC system with DF relaying is investigated in a directcurrent biased OFDM environment. The energy consumption and outage probability of a cooperative VLC system is analyzed in [10] using half-duplex incremental DF (IDF) and selective DF (SDF). A non-orthogonalmultiple access (NOMA) based cooperative VLC system is proposed in [11] for enhancing the performance of poor-quality users, wherein, the total transmit power is divided among the relays depending upon the number of users served by a relay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative VLC system using OOK modulation with imperfect CSI

Dwivedy¹,

Dixit²,

Kumar³

2023

Phys. Scr.

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Visible light communication (VLC) is one of the aspirant tools for high data rate communication. VLC system employed in a large room requires cooperative transmission for reliable end-to-end communication. Cooperative communication (CC) utilizes several relay approaches to forward the message from transmitter to envisioned destination, and thus, attains high spatial diversity gain, reduced power consumption, improved transmission reliability, increased coverage area, and potentially enhanced system capacity. This paper investigates the error performance of on-off keying (OOK) modulated VLC system in a cooperative environment, where the relay adopts decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. In particular, two cases of cooperative VLC system are considered; 1) Case I, in which the destination node is in direct link with the previous node while in blockage or outside the field of view (FoV) for all the other nodes, 2) Case II, in which the destination node is in direct link with all upstream nodes. For the practical suitability of the system, the imperfect channel state information (CSI) is considered for performance analysis. The mathematical expressions for bit-error-rate (BER) of the considered systems are derived in the presence of perfect and imperfect CSI. The error performance of the considered systems is investigated for the various system parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), channel estimation error and receiver locations. The result shows that for the case of blockage, i.e., Case I, the end-to-end communication for two-hop network can be established with the BER of 2×10<−4> at 128 dB SNR and channel estimation error of 10<−12>. Further, in the case of non-blockage, i.e., Case II, the result shows that for two-hop communication, the BER in cooperative transmission improved to 5×10<−5> in compare to 5×10<−2> in direct communication, at 128 dB SNR and 10<−12> channel estimation error. The extensive simulations are carried out to verify the analytical findings.

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“…With this work, our goal is to present a clear and comprehensive picture of the cooperative and precoding schemes for VLC and how they are useful for overcoming the harmful blocking and shadowing effects. They invoke techniques that exploit multiple rays, arriving at the destination, either by reflection [ 45 ] or by using different transmission points [ 31 ], the cooperation among APs [ 46 , 47 ], and signal processing techniques associated to reduce or manage interference [ 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC

Morales-Céspedes

Guzmán

Jiménez

2021

Sensors

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Visible light communications (VLC) have received significant attention as a way of moving part of the saturated indoor wireless traffic to the wide and unregulated visible optical spectrum. Nowadays, VLC are considered as a suitable technology, for several applications such as high-rate data transmission, supporting internet of things communications or positioning. The signal processing originally derived from radio-frequency (RF) systems such as cooperative or precoding schemes can be applied to VLC. However, its implementation is not straightforward. Furthermore, unlike RF transmission, VLC present a predominant line-of-sight link, although a weak non-LoS component may appear due to the reflection of the light on walls, floor, ceiling and nearby objects. Blocking effects may compromise the performance of the aforementioned transmission schemes. There exist several surveys in the literature focused on VLC and its applications, but the management of the shadowing and interference in VLC requires a comprehensive study. To fill this gap, this work introduces the implementation of cooperative and precoding schemes to VLC, while remarking their benefits and drawbacks for overcoming the shadowing effects. After that, the combination of both cooperative and precoding schemes is analyzed as a way of providing resilient VLC networks. Finally, we propose several open issues that the cooperative and precoding schemes must face in order to provide satisfactory VLC performance in indoor scenarios.

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Performance Analysis of Cooperative and Non-Cooperative Relaying over VLC Channels

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Evaluation of Misalignment Effect in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Experimental Demonstration of a 75 Meters Link

Evaluation of Misalignment Effect in Vehicle-to-Vehicle Visible Light Communications: Experimental Demonstration of a 75 Meters Link

Cooperative VLC system using OOK modulation with imperfect CSI

Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC

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