2002
DOI: 10.1063/1.1476305
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Experimental validation of the Stokes law at nonisothermal conditions

Abstract: Novel experimental results on the hydrodynamic forces acting on a small heated particle at low Reynolds and Grashof numbers are presented. The temperature difference between the particle and the ambient causes free convection flow around the particle. As a result, the drag force exerted on the particle by forced flow deviates significantly from the Stokes law. This deviation is represented quantitatively for three basic directions of forced flow, namely assisting, opposing, and crossing with respect to free co… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…An adequate physical explanation for the behavior of the drag force in all range of mixed convection is thus fragmented, especially in the opposed-flow configuration where there are sharp flow transitions because of re-circulation. Only recently experimental studies have been performed on the mixed free-forced-convection phenomenon on small particles that enables the examination of the theoretical studies conducted so far (Bar-Ziv, Zhao, Zhang, & Kantorovich, 1998;Zhao, Kantorovich, Bar-Ziv, & Sarofim, 1998;Katoshevski, Zhao, Ziskind, & Bar-Ziv, 2000;Ziskind, Zhao, Katoshevski, & Bar-Ziv, 2001;Bar-Ziv, Zhao, Mograbi, Katoshevski, & Ziskind, 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…An adequate physical explanation for the behavior of the drag force in all range of mixed convection is thus fragmented, especially in the opposed-flow configuration where there are sharp flow transitions because of re-circulation. Only recently experimental studies have been performed on the mixed free-forced-convection phenomenon on small particles that enables the examination of the theoretical studies conducted so far (Bar-Ziv, Zhao, Zhang, & Kantorovich, 1998;Zhao, Kantorovich, Bar-Ziv, & Sarofim, 1998;Katoshevski, Zhao, Ziskind, & Bar-Ziv, 2000;Ziskind, Zhao, Katoshevski, & Bar-Ziv, 2001;Bar-Ziv, Zhao, Mograbi, Katoshevski, & Ziskind, 2002).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…At the droplet interface, the flow direction was from the center to the contact line, while the flow direction inside the droplet was from the contact line to the bottom center and then from the bottom to the top, forming a close flow loop. The Marangoni flow induces a drag force F Stokes on the particles in the droplet F Stokes = 3 π η d u where the η is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid, d is the diameter of the particle, and u is the relative velocity between the fluid and particles.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For each particle sinking in the fluid, the total force it receives is the sum of gravity G and the drag force F D [21,22]:…”
Section: Particle Sedimentation Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%