Experimentally Induced Glochidiosis in Smallmouth Bass (<i>Micropterus dolomieu</i>)

Howerth, Elizabeth W.; Keller, Anne E.

doi:10.1354/vp.43-6-1004

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This cellular adaptation, not described previously for glochidial parasitism, was referred as “ rounded, swollen and migrating epithelial cells ” (Nezlin et al, ; Reis, Collares‐Pereira & Araujo, ; Waller & Mitchell, ). In addition to hypertrophy, epithelial hyperplasia, synechia and subsequent lamellar fusion occurred, leading to the formation of the parasitic cyst (Howerth & Keller, ). These epithelial responses constitute a common gill response against several gill injuries (Ferguson & Speare, ), and some parasites have taken advantage of it by embedding and growing in the hyperplastic epithelium (Ventura & Paperna, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization

Castrillo

Varela‐Dopico

Ondina

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida encyst into the fish mucosa to metamorphose and complete their life cycle, causing a parasitic disease known as glochidiosis. This parasitic stage represents a bottleneck for the survival of naiads, particularly for critically endangered species as Margaritifera margaritifera; however, little is known about the events occurring during this critical stage. Therefore, this study aimed to histologically characterize the development of M. margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon to get insight into the pathogenesis of this interaction. Fish exposed to glochidia were sampled during the first 44 days post‐exposure, and organs were observed by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy. Glochidia attached to the gills by pinching the lamellar epithelium, whereupon an acute proliferative branchitis engulfed most of the larvae. However, during the first 14 days, a severe detachment of unviable glochidia occurred, associated with the presence of pleomorphic inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial degeneration. In the cases where larvae remained attached, a chronification of the lesions with none to scarce inflammation was observed. These results provide key information to better understand the complex host–parasite interaction during the early stages of glochidiosis and provide valuable information to optimize artificial rearing of naiads in conservation of threatened freshwater mussel populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization

Castrillo

Varela‐Dopico

Ondina

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…It may be possible that infestations at high concentrations can have a negative impact on glochidia attachment rates to fish gills. Over infestation has been known to cause increased stress, gill damage, decreased weight, negative influences on critical swimming speeds and mortality of fish (Dodd et al ., ; Kaiser, ; Howerth & Keller, ; Crane et al ., ; Taeubert & Geist, ). The increased infestation intensities may have masked any patterns expected to see with fish and freshwater mussel combinations; therefore, it is important when doing future studies to account for concentrations of glochidia throughout the stages of experiment as we demonstrated in these experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi‐basin approach determines variability in host fish suitability for unionids in tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes

2016

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Summary Freshwater mussel populations have declined, in part, from changes in host communities. However, it is unknown if fish from adjacent catchments could be used to augment mussel populations in the Great Lakes inland rivers, and if so, whether this association would be impacted by known genetic structure in mussels and fish. This study tested how host fish origin (i.e. catchment) impacts the transformation of the endangered unionid Epioblasma triquetra from larval into juvenile life stages while concurrently considering potentially genetically distinct populations of mussels and hosts. We quantitatively determined if Percina caprodes and Percina maculata from the Lake Michigan, Erie and Huron basins are laboratory‐successful hosts for E. triquetra. Experiments were performed in autumn and spring to document any seasonal effects on transformation. Percina caprodes was reconfirmed to be a successful host for E. triquetra, and for the first time, P. maculata was also determined to be a successful host in the Great Lakes region. Results suggest no differences in juvenile transformation with allopatric and sympatric fish and mussel pairings based on Great Lakes basin origin; therefore, transformation success may not parallel differences in genetic structure. In addition, results suggest seasonal differences in the developmental stages of E. triquetra juveniles. Knowing the most efficient strategy to optimise juvenile transformations can make reintroductions, augmentation and overall conservation efforts of E. triquetra successful. These data will help in developing recovery strategies for E. triquetra in the Laurentian Great Lakes by understanding variation in host use and nuances in this host–parasite relationship.

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“…Female mussels discharge ripe glochidia into the water column, where they attach to the fins and gills of fish and become encysted by host tissue until they metamorphose into juvenile mussels (Arey, 1932;Dudgeon & Morton, 1984;Douda et al, 2017a). Encystment of glochidia by the host causes tissue swelling and, in the case of attachment to the gills, can result in fusion of gill filaments and lamellae (Meyers et al, 1980;Howerth & Keller, 2006;Thomas et al, 2014). The resulting reduction in surface area for gas exchange can lead to respiratory stress and fish mortality at extreme glochidial loads (Howerth & Keller, 2006;Taeubert & Geist, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energetic costs in the relationship between bitterling and mussels in East Asia

Methling

Douda

Liu

et al. 2018

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Bitterling fishes and unionid mussels are involved in a two-sided co-evolutionary association. On the one side, bitterling exploit unionids by ovipositing in their gills. On the other side, unionids develop via a larval stage (glochidium) that attaches to fish gills. Both interactions are parasitic and expected to have negative consequences for the host. Here, we examine the effects of this association on the metabolic rates of mussel and fish hosts by measuring oxygen uptake rates (MO 2). Measurements were performed on two widespread and broadly coexisting species, namely the rose bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus and Chinese pond mussel Sinanodonta woodiana. As predicted, we observed an increase in routine MO 2 in mussels parasitized by bitterling, but only when hosting early stages of bitterling embryos that reside in the interlamellar space of the gills and obstruct water circulation. Hosting later-stage bitterling embryos (that reside in the suprabranchial cavity outside the host gills) was not associated with a higher routine MO 2. We did not observe an acute negative effect of glochidial infestations on maximal oxygen uptake rate (MO 2 max), but glochidia-infested bitterling showed consistently lower oxygen consumption rates during recovery from MO 2 max. Our results suggest that acute costs of this mutually parasitic relationship might be mitigated, at least in part, by adaptations to limit infestation rates.

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Experimentally Induced Glochidiosis in Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu)

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization

Early stages of Margaritifera margaritifera glochidiosis in Atlantic salmon: Morphopathological characterization

A multi‐basin approach determines variability in host fish suitability for unionids in tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes

Energetic costs in the relationship between bitterling and mussels in East Asia

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