Experimentally-induced subclinical hyperammonemia in dairy goats

Fernandez, J.M.; Sahlu, T.; Hart, Steve; Potchoiba, Michael J.; Shaer, Hassan M. El; Jacquemet, N.; Carneiro, Heloísa

doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(01)00236-x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In agreement with Noro et al [46], glycaemia tended to increase with the proportion of urea in the diet. It has been suggested that this effect could be due to either an underutilization of glucose by insulin-sensitive extrahepatic tissues or an improvement of gluconeogenic capacity [47]. Neither plasmatic insulin concentration nor activity of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis have been evaluated in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality

Saro

Mateo

Andrés

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryThere is a renewed interest on the potential inclusion of urea in ruminant diets, reducing the contribution of vegetable protein supplements. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of replacing soybean meal with different proportions of urea in protein-rich diets for heavy fattening lambs (from 29 to 50 kg of live body weight). Our results suggest that 39% of soybean meal of such diets can be replaced with urea reducing the feeding costs without any adverse effects on feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, or carcass and meat quality. Nevertheless, urea supplementation even at levels of 1% of dry matter may trigger mild metabolic acidosis that can affect animal health in the long term.AbstractThirty-six Assaf male lambs (29.4 ± 3.10 kg body weight (BW)) were used to study the feasibility of including urea (at 0, 0.6 or 0.95% of dry matter for Control, Urea1, and Urea2 diets, respectively) in substitution of soybean meal in fattening diets. Animals were individually penned and feed intake was recorded daily. Blood samples were taken at days 35 and 63 of the experimental period to determine the acid-base status and the biochemical profile. At the end of the experiment (nine weeks), lambs were slaughtered, ruminal contents were collected and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. There were not differences (p > 0.05) among treatments in dry matter intake, animal performance, ruminal fermentation pattern, and carcass and meat parameters. Serum albumin concentration was higher and concentration of HCO3 and total CO2 in blood were lower in Urea2 compared to Urea1 and Control lambs. These results, together with the tendency to lower (p = 0.065) blood pH in this group might suggest a moderate metabolic acidosis. Partial replacement of soybean meal with urea did not impair growth rate in heavy fattening Assaf lambs (from 29 to 50 kg body weight), reduced feeding costs and had no adverse effects on feed efficiency, rumen fermentation and carcass and meat quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality

Saro

Mateo

Andrés

et al. 2019

Animals

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“…These findings do not necessarily invalidate the results of the PLT in this study, but given the known drawbacks of the test in cattle the higher plasma glucose concentration observed cannot be endorsed exclusively to stimulation of gluconeogenesis. Moreover, hyperammonemia is generally associated with hyperglycemia (Barej and Harmeyer, 1979;Ferná ndez et al, 2001), by decreased hepatic glucose production and release (Fernández et al, 1990;Orzechowski et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ammonia has been shown to inhibit gluconeogenesis in isolated goat hepatocytes (Aiello and Armentano, 1987). Moreover, hyperammonemia is generally associated with hyperglycemia (Barej and Harmeyer, 1979;Ferná ndez et al, 2001), hyperlactatemia, and increased blood free fatty acids concentration (Symonds et al, 1981). Hyperammonemia also decreases hepatic glucose production and release in splanchnic-catheterized sheep (Orzechowski et al, 1988) and cattle (Ferná ndez et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-protein nitrogen supplementation increases gluconeogenic capacity in sheep

et al. 2012

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“…Ammonia concentrations of the incubation media were selected to reflect the wide range of ammonia concentrations predicted to exist in the duodenum (Winnicka et al, 1992;Parker et al, 1995). The glucose concentration in the incubation media represents blood glucose concentration observed in ruminants (Fernandez et al, 2001). The study was conducted by using parallel incubations; the first set of flasks contained [2-13 C] glucose (Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc., Andover, MA) in the media to determine isotopic enrichment of NEAA and lactate, whereas the second set of flasks contained [U-14 C] glucose (Sigma; 0.78 μCi/flask; 13.3 μCi/mmol of glucose) in the media to determine 14 CO 2 production from glucose.…”

Section: Incubation and Metabolite Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ammonia load on glucose metabolism by isolated ovine duodenal mucosa1,2

Regmi

Dixon

Oba

2008

Journal of Animal Science

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To determine the effects of ammonia load on glucose metabolism in ruminant small intestinal tissues, duodenal mucosal cells (DMC) were isolated from growing female sheep (n = 10; 46. 0 +/- 0. 8 kg of BW) fed diets differing in CP content: high (19. 4%) vs. low (13. 1%). Ammonia concentration in the duodenal digesta fluid was greater for sheep fed a high CP diet compared with those fed a low CP diet (16. 4 +/- 1. 0 vs. 9. 1 +/- 1. 8 mM). The isolated primary mucosal cells were incubated for 90 min with [2-(13)C] glucose (3 mM) and ammonium chloride (0, 0. 1, 1, 5, 10, 20, or 50 mM) in Krebs-Ringer HEPES buffer. It was hypothesized that DMC would increase glucose carbon utilization for the synthesis of nonessential AA when the ammonia concentration in the incubation media increased. However, utilization of glucose carbon for alanine synthesis decreased linearly (P = 0. 03) as the ammonia concentration in the incubation media increased. Furthermore, glucose disappearance and utilization of glucose carbon for aspartate synthesis were not affected (P > 0. 47) by the ammonia concentration. Contrarily, in vitro glucose disappearance was greater (P = 0. 03) for DMC isolated from sheep fed a low CP diet vs. a high CP diet [14. 6 +/- 1. 6 vs. 8. 6 +/- 1. 3 nmol.(10(6) cells)(-1).(90 min) (-1)], and hexokinase activity was greater (P = 0. 01) in the mucosa of sheep fed a low CP diet compared with a high CP diet (1. 22 +/- 0. 05 vs. 1. 04 +/- 0. 02 mUnit/mg of protein). These observations indicate that ammonia load does not affect the extent of glucose utilization by DMC, and that glucose carbon may not play a significant role for the synthesis of alanine, aspartate, or glutamate when DMC are exposed to increased concentrations of ammonia.

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Experimentally-induced subclinical hyperammonemia in dairy goats

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality

Replacing Soybean Meal with Urea in Diets for Heavy Fattening Lambs: Effects on Growth, Metabolic Profile and Meat Quality

Non-protein nitrogen supplementation increases gluconeogenic capacity in sheep

Effects of ammonia load on glucose metabolism by isolated ovine duodenal mucosa1,2

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