Expérimenter le développement ?

Jatteau, Arthur

doi:10.3917/gen.093.0008

Cited by 26 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Soon after Banerjee, Duflo and Kremer received the Nobel Prize, Sanjay Reddy, a professor of economics at the New School argued in Foreign Policy that even though RCTs had become dominant in development economics, they were often conducted ‘at the expense of the world’s poor’ ( Reddy, 2019 ). At a time of nearly unanimous celebration, Reddy and others exposed some of the issues of experimental economics in development contexts, such as the ethical implications of involving human subjects in experiments 3 ( Rayzberg, 2019 ), the scientific robustness of the ‘evidence’ produced ( Bédécarrats et al, 2019 ), and the unintended consequences of scaling up isolated initiatives without taking side effects into account ( Abdelghafour, 2017 ; Jatteau, 2013 ). These discussions invite us to explore the radical re-definition of development policies that RCTs imply.…”

Section: Three Scalability Snapshotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of scaling

et al. 2021

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A fixation on ‘scaling up’ has captured current innovation discourses and, with it, political and economic life at large. Perhaps most visible in the rise of platform technologies, big data and concerns about a new era of monopolies, scalability thinking has also permeated public policy in the search for solutions to ‘grand societal challenges’, ‘mission-oriented innovation’ or transformations through experimental ‘living labs’. In this paper, we explore this scalability zeitgeist as a key ordering logic of current initiatives in innovation and public policy. We are interested in how the explicit preoccupation with scalability reconfigures political and economic power by invading problem diagnoses and normative understandings of how society and social change function. The paper explores three empirical sites – platform technologies, living labs and experimental development economics – to analyze how scalability thinking is rationalized and operationalized. We suggest that social analysis of science and technology needs to come to terms with the ‘politics of scaling’ as a powerful corollary of the ‘politics of technology’, lest we accept the permanent absence from key sites where decisions about the future are made. We focus in on three constitutive elements of the politics of scaling: solutionism, experimentalism and future-oriented valuation. Our analysis seeks to expand our vocabulary for understanding and questioning current modes of innovation that increasingly value scaling as an end in itself, and to open up new spaces for alternative trajectories of social transformation.

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Section: Three Scalability Snapshotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The politics of scaling

et al. 2021

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“…In particular, they have shown that the method only applies to a very circumscribed field, and this type of experimental study has many limitations, including biases that may limit the reliability of the results obtained (internal validity threats), limited capacity to explain situations other than the particular case studied (threats to external validity), and the difficulties of generalizing its use (Bédécarrats, Guérin, and Roubaud 2017). Others question the ideal of political and scientific neutrality on which this methodology is based and demonstrate that RCTs on development issues serve primarily to provide donors with an exhaustive list of good and bad development policies and to rank them (Jatteau 2014). They also demonstrate precisely how results may be shaped, both during and after their production, by sociopolitical forces (Faulkner 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Evidence-based to Market-based mHealth: Itinerary of a Mobile (for) Development Project

Dahdah

2019

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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Information and communication technologies are increasingly used for development in the Global South, and mHealth (health assisted by mobile technologies) plays key role. This paper analyzes the particular relationship to science that characterizes a global maternal mHealth program deployed in Ghana and India. Using science and technology studies (STS), this research relies on qualitative interviews conducted between 2014 and 2016 with funders, implementers, and beneficiaries of this mHealth program. This story begins with a randomized controlled trial, a biomedical experiment with a strong positioning regarding science and the production of evidence. But rapidly the scientific stance disappears to give way to the testing and marketing of a product for the digital economy. From science to market, this paper offers to revisit a classical STS topic through the lens of mHealth. It shows how the various experimental forms taken by this project fundamentally diverge from scientific methods and evidence production and at the same time how it nurtures an ongoing instrumental relationship with science. Thus, from clinical research to product marketing, this paper highlights the tenuous link between evidence-based and market-based mHealth in the Global South.

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“…La forte circularité entre les élites, les financements et les thématiques au sein de ces espaces est la marque de la philanthropie financière organisée tout au long du vingtième siècle en Amérique du Nord (Lagemann, 1983 ;Zunz, 2012). Par contre, au-delà de ce recours permanent à la science, on observe une variation des savoirs mobilisés et des expertises légitimes d'une décennie à l'autre : mouvement hygiéniste au début siècle où se croisent médecine et urbanisme, sciences sociales soutenues par la Fondation Ford après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, économie du développement et agriculture pour la révolution verte de la Fondation Rockefeller à la même époque, partenariat entre la Fondation Gates et le géant Monsanto dans les dernières décennies, ou encore soutien de l'économie du développement, avec son dernier avatar de la « randomisation », porté par plusieurs fondations (Hewlett, Gates, MacArthur) (Mayneris, 2009 ;Jatteau, 2013).…”

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Pour une approche sociopolitique de la philanthropie financière : plaidoyer pour un programme de recherche

Lefèvre

2015

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Cet article défend la pertinence d’une approche sociopolitique de la philanthropie, à travers cinq clés de lecture : 1) le recours à la science comme point d’appui externe ; 2) l’articulation entre le don et l’action collective ; 3) le lien entre la richesse, les inégalités et la philanthropie financière ; 4) le rapport entre le don et l’impôt ; et 5) la relation entre l’État et la philanthropie. Cette recherche, appuyée par un recul historique, invite ainsi à analyser la philanthropie comme un phénomène politique, malgré son apparente dépolitisation et sa distance du champ politique. Cette étude est donc également un défi proposé à la science politique.This article highlights the relevance of a sociopolitical approach of philanthropy, through five crosscutting issues: 1) the use of science as an external point of view; 2) the links between donation and collective action; 3) the relationship between wealth, inequalities and financial philanthropy; 4) the relations between donation and taxes; and 5) the relationship between government and philanthropy as a political act. This research is based on a historical perspective and proposes to analyse philanthropy as a political phenomenon despite its distance from the political field. This study is also a challenge to political science

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Expérimenter le développement ?

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

The politics of scaling

The politics of scaling

From Evidence-based to Market-based mHealth: Itinerary of a Mobile (for) Development Project

Pour une approche sociopolitique de la philanthropie financière : plaidoyer pour un programme de recherche

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