À travers la figure de l’économiste française Esther Duflo, on a assisté ces dernières années à la montée en puissance d’une méthode particulière d’évaluation des politiques publiques : les expérimentations aléatoires qui s’inspirent des essais cliniques randomisés en médecine. Cet article revient sur les conditions de leur émergence dans le champ de la lutte contre la pauvreté, avant de s’intéresser plus particulièrement au J-PAL, le laboratoire leader en ce domaine. La pression à la publication, le rapport distancié au terrain des chercheurs et le cloisonnement disciplinaire aboutissent à une prise en compte biaisée des réalités locales et des enjeux en termes de développement.
In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, international criticism of the lack of pluralism in economics teaching climaxed in the open letter of the International Student Initiative for Pluralism in Economics (ISIPE). The feeling seemed to be widespread but data is lacking. This study is the first to gather data at an international level about the way economics is taught at universities. Fourteen countries were surveyed. The results show a clear domination of quantitative methods, macroeconomics and microeconomics courses, as well as management courses. Reflective courses, such as the history of economic thought, are marginalised.
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