Experiments and modelling of surge in small centrifugal compressor for automotive engines

Galindo, José; Serrano, José Ramón; Climent, Héctor; Tiseira, A.

doi:10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2007.10.001

Cited by 121 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Whereas, unlike axial compressors, centrifugal compressors change the direction of the fluid from parallel to vertical orientation of the rotor as shown in Figure 10. Mechanical and thermodynamic modeling of the centrifugal compressor are available in [19][20][21][22]. External characteristics of a centrifugal compressor can be described by its speed, mass flow, pressure and efficiency.…”

Section: Dynamic Compressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

Zhao

Blunier

Gao

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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Fuel cell is a power supply system, which takes advantage of the electro-chemical reaction between oxygen and hydrogen to produce electricity with water as its byproduct. Due to their lower pollution and high efficiency compared with fossil fuels, fuel cell systems are under extensive development for many power applications. Compared with high temperature fuel cells (such as molten carbonate fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cells), the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is more suitable for automotive applications because of its low temperature working condition, thereby a fast startup.Air compressor supplying the oxygen to the stack is an important component in the fuel cell systems. The compressor can consumes up to 20 % of the generated power in the most severe cases. The selecting of the compressor and corresponding control are directly related to the performance of the fuel cell. The size and weight of the air compressor has to be reduced to make them more feasible for automotive applications. Moreover, the control of the air compression system is also an important issue, which affects the efficiency and the safety of the fuel cell. To avoid oxygen starvation of the stack, the mass flow of the supplied air has to be controlled appropriately according to the load demand. Meanwhile, the pressure should not have large deviations or ripples which may damage the stack membrane.In this thesis, the requirements to the compressor for fuel cell applications are discussed. And several kinds of compressor are compared, including positive displacement types and dynamic superchargers. In the view of compactness, an ultra-high speed, up to 280,000 rpm, centrifugal compressor is adopted. The centrifugal compressor which is a kind of dynamics superchargers converts the kinetic energy of the air to the pressure. Compared with positive displacement compressors, it has the advantages of compactness, high efficiency and low noise, making it more suitable for automotive applications. However, the difficulty of the control as well as the surge iv constraint obstructs its industrial implementation for fuel cells.In this dissertation, The model of the air compression system is developed and the coupling between the model inputs and outputs are analyzed. The compressor map is measured and then fitted by a two hidden layer neural network model. The relative gain array (RGA) method is used for the coupling analysis. It shows that the coupling degree varies as the operation point changes because of the nonlinearity of the system. The second part of this work focuses on solving the control problems to adapt the centrifugal compressor to the fuel cell system. The objective is to control the mass flow and pressure simultaneously according to the fuel cell load demand. The problem lies in the coupling between the mass flow control and pressure control because the variations of one variable will also lead to the deviation of the other one. The interaction between the two control loops declines the performance of the fuel cell...

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Section: Dynamic Compressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

Zhao

Blunier

Gao

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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“…A surge controller typically measures a function of pressure rise versus flow. The controller operates a surge valve to maintain sufficient forward flow to prevent surge [5], [6] and [15].…”

Section: Gas Compression Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and Control of Surge in Centrifugal Compression Based on Fuzzy Rule System

Hafaifa¹,

Daoudi²,

Laroussi³

2010

SIC

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This paper presents the problem of robust design of surge controller in centrifugal compression system using fuzzy techniques. The use of fuzzy techniques in modelling and control has been important to reduce costs and losses of the system. In this paper, based on the fuzzy modelling and control, a new way to establish fuzzy logic controller is proposed. In this paper, the performance of the fuzzy controller has been designed to give a new control technique of surge in centrifugal compression system. The validation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in order to achieve desired performance.

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“…Ammann et al (2001) or Leufvén and Eriksson (2008). Resent studies on surge in automotive engines combine the Moore-Greitzer model with a 1D gas-dynamic model for the pipes around the compressor, see for example Galindo et al (2008Galindo et al ( , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-surge in bi-turbo engines: Measurements, analysis and control

Thomasson

Eriksson

2014

Control Engineering Practice

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In parallel turbocharged V-engines, with two separate air paths connected before the throttle, an oscillation in the flow can occur. If the compressor operates close to the surge line, typically during low speed and high load, and a disturbance alters the mass flow balance, the compressors can begin to alternately go into surge. This phenomenon is called co-surge and is unwanted due to high noise and risk for turbocharger destruction. Co-surge is measured on a test vehicle in a chassis dynamometer and the system analyzed and modeled using a mean value engine model. The investigation shows that the alternating compressor speeds have an important role in the prolonged oscillation. A reconstruction of the negative flow from measurements is made and compared to simulation results, showing similar amplitudes, and supports the model validation. A new co-surge detection algorithm is presented, suitable for a pair of sensors measuring either mass flow, boost pressure or turbo speed in the two air paths. Furthermore, a new controller is proposed that uses a model based feedforward for the throttle, together with wastegate actuation to force the compressor speeds together and improve balance at the recovery point. This has shown to be sufficient with moderate to high pressure ratios over the throttle, only for zero or very low pressure drop the use of bypass valves are necessary. The advantage of not opening the bypass valves is a smaller drop in boost pressure which also reduces the torque disturbance. The performance of the controller is evaluated both in simulation and in the test vehicle.

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Experiments and modelling of surge in small centrifugal compressor for automotive engines

Cited by 121 publications

References 27 publications

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

Modelling and Control of Surge in Centrifugal Compression Based on Fuzzy Rule System

Co-surge in bi-turbo engines: Measurements, analysis and control

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