Experiments on buoyancy-driven crack around the brittle–ductile transition

Granite: From genesis to emplacement

“…In contrast, dia-piric rise of magma occurs by ductile (viscous) deformation of the host rock. Since the viscosity of the host rock is much larger than that of the magma, the host-rock viscosity, rather than the magma viscosity, controls the ascent velocity; ascent may be limited by the ductile-to-brittle transition zone (Sumita and Ota, 2011). Mesoscale pervasive migration limited to the suprasolidus and the high-temperature subsolidus crust immediately above the anatectic front is an alternative mechanism documented from many migmatite terrains.…”

“…However, during ascent, as viscosity of the subsolidus crust increases, propagation may change from a ductile fracture process to a brittle-elastic fracture process ( Fig. 12; Brown, 2008Brown, , 2010aWeinberg and Regenauer-Lieb, 2010;Brown et al, 2011;Sumita and Ota, 2011). The experimental work of Sumita and Ota (2011) is particularly interesting since it suggests that the style of magma ascent through the crust might change as the wall-rock rheology evolves from ductile to brittle, so that a buoyancy-driven liquid-fi lled crack might migrate as a diapir-dike hybrid (Fig.…”

Rheology of pig skin gelatine: Defining the elastic domain and its thermal and mechanical properties for geological analogue experiment applications

“…In addition, the peptides and proteins making up gelatine can also be extracted from sea weed or bacteria resulting in the non-animal gelling alternatives of agar (cf. Sumita and Ota, 2011;Lister and Kerr, 1991) and carrageenan from the former and gellan and xanthan gums from the latter.…”

“…It has specifically been used in experiments that involve tensile cracking for fracture mechanics and structural geological research (Touvet et al, 2011) and for understanding seismic variability along thrust faults (Corbi et al, 2011). Gelatine has also been used in analogue modelling experiments to study the formation and evolution of dykes (Pollard, 1973;Maaløe, 1987;Takada, 1990;Lister and Kerr, 1991;Heimpel and Olson, 1994;Takada, 1994Takada, , 1999Menand and Tait, 2001;Ito and Martel, 2002;Menand and Tait, 2002;Taisne and Tait, 2009;Sumita and Ota, 2011;Le Corvec et al, 2013), laccoliths (Pollard and Johnson, 1973;Hyndman and Alt, 1987), sills (Kavanagh et al, 2006;Ritter et al, 2013;Kavanagh et al, 2015), combinations of dykes and sills (Hyndman and Alt, 1987;Rivalta et al, 2005;Kavanagh et al, 2006;Menand et al, 2010), in studies of how dykes propagate under a (changing) load (Fiske and Jackson, 1972;McGuire and Pullen, 1989;McLeod and Tait, 1999;Muller et al, 2001;Watanabe et al, 2002;Walter and Troll, 2003;Acocella and Tibaldi, 2005;Cañón-Tapia and Merle, 2006) or extensional stress (Daniels and Menand, 2015), and how dyke and sill propagation is influenced by solidification of the intrusive fluid Chanceaux and Menand, 2014).…”

Laboratory Modeling of Coeval Brittle and Ductile Deformation During Magma Emplacement Into Viscoelastic Rocks

“…Answering these questions requires the design of a model able to simulate the injection of a viscous fluid into a matrix of controllable and variable rheological properties. Several laboratory studies in the physics community implemented such an approach to constrain the dynamics of viscous fingering vs. viscoelastic fracturing (e.g., Lemaire et al, 1991;Hirata, 1998;Nase et al, 2008;Sumita and Ota, 2011). However, these models FIGURE 1 | Diagram of idealized end-member cases of magma ascent.…”