Experiments on the Mechanism of Action of Tetra-sodium 2-Methyl-1:4-Naphthohydroquinone Diphosphate as a Mitotic Inhibitor and Radiosensitiser, using the Technique of Tissue Culture. Experimental Methods and Quantitative Results

Abstract

(Mit'chell and Sin-lon-Reuss, 1947 ;Mitchell, 1948Mitchell, , 1949aMitchell, , 1949b 3,6, 12 and 24 hours after the 4th subeultivation, and then

The metabolomic profile of gamma-irradiated human hepatoma and muscle cells reveals metabolic changes consistent with the Warburg effect

“…Irradiation of cultured cells has a long history, beginning with chick embryo fibroblasts given X-ray doses of 1 to 10 Gy in an attempt to improve the efficacy of X-ray therapy with radiosensitizers ( Mitchell & Simon-Reuss, 1952 ). More recently, both human fibroblast and lymphoblast cell lines have been γ-irradiated to define biomarkers of ionizing radiation that might assist with human in vivo studies ( Patterson et al, 2008 ).…”

Mortality Rates from Cancer and Tuberculosis

“…Thus, as the number of the population infected with tuberculosis decreases, there will be a corresponding decrease of protection from cancer leading to an increase in cancer mortality. In this connexion it is of interest to note that pthiocol which occurs in the tuberculosis bacillus was found by Mitchell and Simon-Reuss (1952) to be a mitotic inhibitor in tissue cultures. It is difficult, however, to reconcile the concept of tuberculosis protecting against cancer with the facts that in certain geographical areas and living conditions, a high tuberculosis death-rate is associated with a high cancer rate and vice versa.…”

Effect of sensitizing and protecting compounds in roentgen irradiation of lymphocytes in vivo

“…Synkavit was used in doses known to produce a radiosensitizing effect in tumours (MITCHELL 1955). Synkavit in a dose of 10 mg was injected intravenously 30 min prior to irradiation with 150 r and the animals were killed 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after irradiation; control animals received the same dose and were killed a t corre-sponding times after the injection.…”

“…reported that the sensitivity of the thymocytes of rabbits irradiated in vitro decreased by a constant factor over a wide dose range when cysteine was added t o the suspension. It has been shown that 1-4 naphthoquinone (synkavit) has a radiosensitizing effect on tumour tissue (MITCHELL 1955) and chick fibroblast culture (MITCHELL and SIMON-REUSS); the latter stated that synkavit also had an antimitotic effect. In lower forms of life, synkavit failed to produce any effect of radiosensitivity upon the organism investigated (KOHN 8: GUTER).…”