Expert face coding: Configural and component coding of own-race and other-race faces

Rhodes, Gillian; Hayward, William G.; Winkler, Christopher

doi:10.3758/bf03193876

Cited by 198 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This result is one of the most significant finding in this study suggesting that CFRs produced by a familiar-race practitioner were more accurate than those from unfamiliar-race practitioners. This compares to other cross-race effect psychology studies [70,71] and suggests that the degree of familiarity to a certain ancestry type (including the skull) can be transmitted to the ability of producing more accurate CFR.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…This has been established by the studies showing the primary factors influencing the phenomenon: contact and attitudes with other-racial groups, encoding and representational processes, perceptual-memory expertise, and perceptual categorisation (for reviews, see [69,70]). According to the research into the theoretical underpinnings of the CRE, the differences in experience with the same (familiar)-and other (unfamiliar)-race faces (also known as the 'contact hypothesis') are considered the main contribution to the CRE [65,[71][72][73][74].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The unfamiliar face effect on forensic craniofacial reconstruction and recognition

Lee

Wilkinson

2016

Forensic Science International

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Previous research into the reliability of forensic craniofacial reconstruction (CFR) has focused primarily on the accuracy of reconstructed faces from European or African ancestry skulls. Moreover, the recognition of CFR in relation to the experience and ancestry of the practitioners and the assessors has not been previously considered. The cross-race effect is a recognised phenomenon in psychology studies, where familiar ancestry faces are recognised more readily than unfamiliar ancestry faces, but there is a paucity of research addressing the relationship between the accuracy of reconstructed faces and the familiarity with this ancestry by the practitioners/assessors. The aims of this research were to investigate whether 'unfamiliar-race effect' has any influence on the accuracy of CFR and to evaluate how much the correct recognition rate of CFR is affected by the cross-race effect. Eight CFRs from three ancestry groups were produced by experienced practitioners in order to explore the aims. The results demonstrated that practitioners produced more recognisable CFRs using skulls from a familiar ancestry than skulls from unfamiliar ancestries.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unfamiliar face effect on forensic craniofacial reconstruction and recognition

Lee

Wilkinson

2016

Forensic Science International

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“…Indeed, prior literature demonstrates that face processing is sensitive to environmental input. Face perception shows adaptation effects (24), perceptual narrowing occurs with development (25,26), and recognition of faces from infrequently observed races is notoriously poor (27,28). Extreme environmental variables, such as visual deprivation in the months after birth, also have an impact on face processing (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human face recognition ability is specific and highly heritable

Wilmer

Germine

Chabris

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

447

402

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Compared with notable successes in the genetics of basic sensory transduction, progress on the genetics of higher level perception and cognition has been limited. We propose that investigating specific cognitive abilities with well-defined neural substrates, such as face recognition, may yield additional insights. In a twin study of face recognition, we found that the correlation of scores between monozygotic twins (0.70) was more than double the dizygotic twin correlation (0.29), evidence for a high genetic contribution to face recognition ability. Low correlations between face recognition scores and visual and verbal recognition scores indicate that both face recognition ability itself and its genetic basis are largely attributable to face-specific mechanisms. The present results therefore identify an unusual phenomenon: a highly specific cognitive ability that is highly heritable. Our results establish a clear genetic basis for face recognition, opening this intensively studied and socially advantageous cognitive trait to genetic investigation.behavioral genetic | face recognition | individual differences | specialist gene | generalist gene G eneral intelligence, or g, has received great attention in both quantitative genetic and molecular genetic studies of cognition (1). Strong heritability is shown by g, and neurobiological correlates of g have been identified (1-4). However, molecular studies searching for genetic correlates of g have only found chromosomal regions with very small effects (5), and studies identifying candidate genes often fail to replicate (6). On the other hand, recent studies investigating reading and spoken language, abilities that rely on more specific cognitive and neural mechanisms, have identified major contributing genes (7,8). Thus, at least some specific abilities appear relatively tractable to genetic investigation, and it is plausible that abilities involving fewer cognitive and neural mechanisms may generally depend on fewer genes. However, heritabilities of cognitive traits typically decrease as their relation to g decreases, and few highly heritable specific abilities have been identified (1, 9). We present here an exception to this trend by demonstrating both high heritability and face specificity of face recognition ability, whose well-defined neural basis and established animal models provide promising tools for investigating its genetic basis at the neural level (10).Face recognition is a paradigmatic example of a cognitively and neurally dissociable trait. Psychophysical studies suggest that the cognitive representation of faces relies on different computational processes than other stimuli (11), and neuroimaging has identified occipitotemporal areas in humans and macaques that respond much more strongly to faces than to other stimuli (12). Single-unit recording shows that macaque face patches consist of cells that respond exclusively to faces (13). Consistent with these findings, studies with patients and transcranial magnetic stimulation have demonstrated selective i...

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“…perceiving relations among facial features and integrating all features into an individual representation of the face as a whole. The configural processing is often assessed by face inversion effect which is defined as a larger decrease in recognition performance for faces than for other mono-oriented objects when they are presented upside-down) is more evident with faces of own species or even own race than with faces of other species or other races (McKone et al 2006;Rhodes et al 2006;Tanaka et al 2004), implying differences in the perceptual processing of faces from different species and races. Human brain imaging studies further revealed brain waveform (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Spontaneous Gaze Patterns in Viewing of Faces of Different Species

2010

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Human studies have reported clear differences in perceptual and neural processing of faces of different species, implying the contribution of visual experience to face perception. Can these differences be manifested in our eye scanning patterns while extracting salient facial information? Here we systematically compared non-pet owners' gaze patterns while exploring human, monkey, dog and cat faces in a passive viewing task. Our analysis revealed that the faces of different species induced similar patterns of fixation distribution between left and right hemi-face, and among key local facial features with the eyes attracting the highest proportion of fixations and viewing times, followed by the nose and then the mouth. Only the proportion of fixation directed at the mouth region was species-dependent and could be differentiated at the earliest stage of face viewing. It seems that our spontaneous eye scanning patterns associated with face exploration were mainly constrained by general facial configurations; the species affiliation of the inspected faces had limited impact on gaze allocation, at least under free viewing conditions.

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Expert face coding: Configural and component coding of own-race and other-race faces

Cited by 198 publications

References 41 publications

The unfamiliar face effect on forensic craniofacial reconstruction and recognition

The unfamiliar face effect on forensic craniofacial reconstruction and recognition

Human face recognition ability is specific and highly heritable

Human Spontaneous Gaze Patterns in Viewing of Faces of Different Species

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