Explaining Cyberloafing through a Theoretical Integration of Theory of Interpersonal Behavior and Theory of Organizational Justice

Abstract

Cyberloafing is an issue of growing concern for contemporary organizations. This paper develops an integrated research model which combines the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior and Organizational Justice to provide a holistic examination for cyberloafing behavior. Data was collected from working respondents via on-line questionnaire to test the research model. The results of this study found that the metaphor of the ledger from the organizational justice model was a significant predictor of intent to cyberloaf, while the four types of organizational justice were not significant predictors of the metaphor of the ledger. The effects of constructs from the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior performed as expected with the exception of the direct relationship between facilitating conditions and cyberloafing behavior. Overall, the results suggest that combining these two models provides a rich explanation of antecedents to cyberloafing.

Disentangling How Coworkers and Supervisors Influence Employee Cyberloafing: What Normative Information Are Employees Attending To?

“…Extant findings suggest some form of normative information is driving cyberloafing. First, social norms are a consistent predictor of cyberloafing and have shown strong relationships with cyberloafing across diverse work environments (Betts et al, 2014; Bock et al, 2010; Freimark, 2012; Galluch & Thatcher, 2007; Liberman et al, 2011; Polzer-Debruyne et al, 2014; Sheikh et al, 2015; Taneja, 2006). Moreover, most of these observed associations have been medium to large in magnitude (Cohen, 1988).…”

“…Moreover, most of these observed associations have been medium to large in magnitude (Cohen, 1988). Second, social norm variables have shown incremental validity over other established predictors of cyberloafing, such as attitudes toward cyberloafing (Liberman et al, 2011), electronic monitoring (Taneja, 2006), self-efficacy to hide cyberloafing (Sheikh et al, 2015), and organizational justice (Betts et al, 2014). Thus, it is likely the observed association between social norms and cyberloafing cannot be explained by other established predictors.…”

“…Moreover, these constructs may interact in complex ways (J-Ho, Gan, & Ramayah, 2017). While the cause of cyberloafing is complex, there is evidence other people in the work environment play a role in whether another individual will cyberloaf (Betts, Setterstrom, Pearson, & Totty, 2014; Bock, Park, & Zhang, 2010; Freimark, 2012; Galluch & Thatcher, 2007; Liberman et al, 2011; Polzer-Debruyne, Stratton, & Stark, 2014; Sheikh, Atashgah, & Adibzadegan, 2015; Taneja, 2006). Evidence supporting this conclusion comes from multiple studies.…”

“…Evidence supporting this conclusion comes from multiple studies. First, social norms are one of the most studied and robust predictors of cyberloafing (Weatherbee, 2010), with significant effects in at least 15 different studies (e.g., Betts et al, 2014; Freimark, 2012; Hussain, Saleem, & Malik, 2016; Polzer-Debruyne et al, 2014; Sheikh et al, 2015). Second, the relationship between social norms and cyberloafing is consistently medium to strong in magnitude (e.g., Blanchard & Henle, 2008; Taneja, Fiore, & Fischer, 2015; see Figure 1 for a summary).…”

A Theory-Based Approach to the Development and Evaluation of Public Education Messages Aimed at Social Interactive Technology Use on Smartphones among Young Drivers

“…The Theory of Interpersonal Behaviour ([TIB], Triandis, 1977), while similar to the TPB, includes the influence of habit and posits that it is inversely related to intention (Triandis, 1977). Research has applied the TIB to personal internet use in the workplace where habit was found to be significantly and positively related to behaviour (Betts, Setterstrom, Pearson, & Totty, 2014;Moody & Siponen, 2013).…”