Explaining Job Polarization: The Roles of Technology, Offshoring and Institutions

Goos, Maarten; Manning, Alan; Salomons, Anna

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1983952

Cited by 105 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The downward trend is further confirmed by the European average employment share data by occupation that we obtain from Goos et al (2010). The average employment share of specific human capital in Europe was 36.3% in 1993 and decreased to 31.3% by 2006.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Specific and General Human Capital in an Endogenous Growth Model

2014

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In this paper, we define specific (general) human capital in terms of the occupations whose use is spread in a limited (wide) set of industries. We analyze the growth impact of an economy's composition of specific and general human capital, in a model where education and R&D are costly and complementary activities. The model suggests that a declining share of specific human capital, as observed in the Czech Republic, can be associated with a lower rate of long run growth. We also discuss optimal educational policies in the presence of market frictions.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Specific and General Human Capital in an Endogenous Growth Model

2014

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“…Columns 1 reports triple differences in labor demand for the Cobb-Douglas case (see equation (11)), column 2 reports their between-industry component (see equation (12)), and column 3 reports the proportion of the total explained by the between-industry component. Column 4 reports triple differences in labor demand for the CES case with σ=2.5 (see equation (14)), column 5 reports their between-industry component (see equation (32)), and column 6 reports the proportion of the total explained by the between-industry component. Appendix Tables Table A1 Distribution Figure 1 for samples and sources.…”

Section: Appendix B: Eu-klems Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The withinindustry component can be obtained as the difference between (15) and (33). (11) and its total differential, and derivation of (13) and (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Gaps across Countries and Skills: Supply, Demand and the Industry Structure

Olivetti

Petrongolo²

2011

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The gender wage gap varies widely across countries and across skill groups within countries. Interestingly, there is a positive cross-country correlation between the unskilled-to-skilled gender wage gap and the corresponding gap in hours worked. Based on a canonical supply and demand framework, this positive correlation would reveal the presence of net demand forces shaping gender differences in labor market outcomes across skills and countries. We use a simple multi-sector framework to illustrate how differences in labor demand for different inputs can be driven by both within-industry and between-industry factors. The main idea is that, if the service sector is more developed in the US than in continental Europe, and unskilled women tend to be over-represented in this sector, we expect unskilled women to suffer a relatively large wage and/or employment penalty in the latter than in the former. We find that, overall, the between-industry component of labor demand explains more than half of the total variation in labor demand between the US and the majority of countries in our sample, as well as one-third of the correlation between wage and hours gaps. The between-industry component is relatively more important in countries where the relative demand for unskilled females is lowest.

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“…These activities are increasingly carried out in the services sector, and no longer in the manufacturing sector itself. As such, it contributes to the so-called job polarization in advanced economies as the displaced manufacturing workers are likely to be absorbed in personal and distributional services where low-skilled employment opportunities are still growing (Goos, Manning and Salomons 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragmentation, Incomes, and Jobs: An Analysis of European Competitiveness

Timmer¹,

Los²,

Stehrer³

et al. 2014

Policy Research Working Papers

142

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. All rights reserved. Terms of use: Documents in ISSN 1725-2806 (online) EU Catalogue NoQB-AR-13-112-EN-N (online)Any reproduction, publication and reprint in the form of a different publication, whether printed or produced electronically, in whole or in part, is permitted only with the explicit written authorisation of the ECB or the authors. Marcel P. Timmer (corresponding author)University of Groningen; e-mail: m.p.timmer@rug.nl Bart Los University of Groningen Robert StehrerThe Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (WIIW) Gaaitzen de Vries University of Groningen AbstractIncreasing fragmentation of production across borders is changing the nature of international competition. As a result, conventional indicators of competitiveness based on gross exports become less informative and new measures are needed. In this paper we propose an ex-post accounting framework of the value added and workers that are directly and indirectly related to the production of final manufacturing goods, called 'manufactures GVC income' and 'manufactures GVC jobs'. We outline these concepts and provide trends in European countries based on a recent multi-sector input-output model of the world economy. We find that since 1995 revealed comparative advantage of the EU27 is shifting to activities related to the production of non-electrical machinery and transport equipment. The workers involved in manufactures GVCs are increasingly in services, rather than manufacturing industries. We also find a strong shift towards activities carried out by high-skilled workers, highlighting the uneven distributional effects of fragmentation. The results show that a GVC perspective is needed to better inform the policy debates on competitiveness.

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Explaining Job Polarization: The Roles of Technology, Offshoring and Institutions

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Specific and General Human Capital in an Endogenous Growth Model

Specific and General Human Capital in an Endogenous Growth Model

Gender Gaps across Countries and Skills: Supply, Demand and the Industry Structure

Fragmentation, Incomes, and Jobs: An Analysis of European Competitiveness

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