Explaining the Black-White Gap in Labor Force Participation among Women Heading Households

The Context of Women's Market Careers

“…11 Past American research suggests that determinants of maternal labor market participation differ by marital status, and that the impact of marital status differs by race (Aldridge, 1989;Browne, 1997;Klerman & Leibowitz, 1994). Our results should therefore not be generalized to never-married women.…”

“…Interestingly, Black mothers' higher rate of labor force participation holds only for married women. Among unmarried mothers, Blacks are in fact less likely to be employed (Browne, 1997;Corcoran, 1999), perhaps because single Black mothers generally have fewer human capital assets than similarly situated White women and are therefore often better off on public assistance than in the workforce (Cherlin, 1992;Schoen & Kluegel, 1988;Smock, 1990).…”

Exploratory Study Of The Relationship Between Poverty And Crimes In Albany/Dougherty, Georgia

“…Therefore, an environment with a limited education could be a breeding ground for crimes arising due to poverty. A sub-standard education imparts on market skills, productivity, and the associated market compensation (Browne, 1997;Theodos and Bednarzik, 2006, p.43). A low education will retard efficiency in production and create dependency on a few rich people for the provision of economic opportunities.…”

Survey of Free Market Principles for Encouraging Market: Participation of African American and the Economically Challenged

“…A low educational endowment is associated with a low level of human capital that could be subjected to a non-market discriminatory low wage rates and upward work advancements. A higher proportion of black women than that of the white women as heads of households with limited education is said to explain the disparity of incomes between the two groups (Browne, 1997). D' Amico and Maxwell (1994) observe that the labor market incomes of both white and black youths are comparable where both have comparable high school educational preparations.…”