Explanation of Tin Role in the High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Bronzes

Mathis, François; Trocellier, P.; Aucouturier, Marc

doi:10.1002/9783527610327.ch18

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The interface between the two regions represents the reaction front in which the activities of tin outward diffusion and oxygen inward diffusion are critical for the nucleation of tin oxide. It must be noted that the tin diffusion pointed out in this work is not supported by a previous study in which a contrary conclusion was reached that there is no tin gradient inside the alloy [2]. During the first step of oxidation, internal oxide particles are irregularly shaped and non-uniformly distributed in the sub-surface.…”

Section: Internal Oxidationcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of tin in alloy leads to a decrease in the oxidation rates; this is associated with the formation of tin oxide in the oxidation layer. Gesmundo et al [1] and Mathis et al [2] showed that tin in CuSn alloys does not form a continuous protective layer of tin oxide as can be the case in Cu -Zn alloy in which a ZnO protective layer is formed [3]. Rather, tin forms some precipitates in the oxide layer as Ni and Si form in the Cu -Ni [4] and Cu -Si [5] alloys respectively, which slows down the outward diffusion of copper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scaling and internal oxidation of α-CuSn alloy

Dubey

Jouen

Sauvage

et al. 2011

Materials at High Temperatures

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a-CuSn alloy containing 8.2 wt% tin oxidized in laboratory air at 610 C is studied for its microstructural evolution with time. A cross-sectional study of the sample after oxidation shows the presence of a multilayered oxide scale on the surface and internal oxidation. Oxide morphology is expected to give an insight on undergoing oxidation mechanism. Analysis shows that SnO 2 is present in porous morphology close to the substrate as clusters and not as a continuous layer; and as an internal oxide, occurring non-uniformly throughout the sample surface.

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Section: Internal Oxidationcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling and internal oxidation of α-CuSn alloy

Dubey

Jouen

Sauvage

et al. 2011

Materials at High Temperatures

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“…Black tenorite is the external component. A fundamental study of high temperature oxidation of Cu-Sn alloys 5,23 showed that the simultaneous occurrence of those three compounds can only be the consequence of a high temperature oxidation. Thanks to the RBS measurement of the respective thickness of these compounds, one deduces that the objects were heated under oxidising atmosphere at a temperature around 600uC.…”

Section: Results On Roman Bronze Balustrade Pillar: Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intentional patina of metal archaeological artefacts: non-destructive investigation of Egyptian and Roman museum treasures

Aucouturier

Mathis

Robcis

et al. 2010

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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This paper describes microstructural analyses by X-ray portable diffraction and microdiffraction on intentional patina of the bronze museum objects from antique Egypt and the Roman Empire. They bring evidence of the presence in the true black bronze patinas of metallic gold and/or silver presumably as nanoparticles. Three other Egyptian patinas not belonging to black bronze are characterised. Apparent black patination on a Roman scalpel handle is discussed. The discovery of a new patination procedure on Roman artefacts from the Louvre museum is also related, based on intentional high temperature oxidation to obtain a dark patina on a lead bronze object. A presence of lead carbonate cerussite is an important observation.

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“…[106][107][108][109][110][111] High temperature oxidation of bronze Mathis et al have recently explored the role of tin in the high temperature oxidation resistance of bronze. 112 The authors pointed out that tin does not create a protective continuous layer at any amount in the alloy. Copper-tin alloys develop a mixed layer of Cu 2 O and SnO 2 which plays a similar role, almost totally protective at temperature under 400uC with kinetics near those known in the case of passivating layer, and partially protective at higher temperatures, with growth rates considerably decreased comparing to copper oxidation.…”

Section: Biofouling and Dezincificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difference D between the energies (in beta units, 1 beta;2134 kJ mol 21 ; 1?3 beta>0?93 eV mol 21 ) of the highest occupied E HOMO and lowest unoccupied E LUMO molecular orbital energy (D5E HOMO 2E LUMO ) is related to the IE of the molecules. 112,[245][246][247][248][249] In general, the variance in values indexes D and E HOMO is not sufficient to account for all variation in the experimental efficiencies. 247 In a parallel way, the reactivity behaviour of an inhibitor can be discussed by means of the Pearson's hard soft acid base principle.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis Of Copper/bta Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper deterioration: causes, diagnosis and risk minimisation

Bastidas¹,

Criado²,

Fajardo³

et al. 2010

International Materials Reviews

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Copper is widely used in many applications such as heat exchangers, condensers, heating and air conditioning systems, electricity, electronic circuitry and ornamental parts. This paper reviews the issue of copper corrosion in different environments and applications. Special attention is paid to the influence of relative humidity and low molecular weight carboxylic acids. These acids are present in rain, snow, clouds and particulate matter and contribute about 15-35% of rain acidity. Attention is also paid to copper corrosion originated by formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acid vapours. Corrosion product layers (patina) are analysed, showing the relationship between potential and current density cathodic peaks, and models are proposed that show a proportionality factor of the dimensions of a resistor. These results are of practical importance in copper roofing applications. Before 1985, copper was almost universally considered to be a corrosion resistant conduit of potable water, and few instances of copper tube failure were reported. Where unacceptable performance was identified, the problem was usually attributed to reticulation and plumbing systems. In air conditioning applications, premature failure of copper tubing frequently occurs due to pitting corrosion after a short time in service or even during postinstallation leakage tests. This type of corrosion is described in the literature as formicary corrosion, and its morphology is characterised by microscopic caverns connected by tunnels. Specimens are analysed to assess the reasons for such premature corrosion failure. Finally, procedures to mitigate copper corrosion are addressed. Pickling in dilute mineral acids (H 2 SO 4 and HCl) is discussed as the most common method for removing oxides formed on the surface of copper based materials during mill processing and manufacturing operations. The use of corrosion inhibitors, such as immersion corrosion inhibitors and volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI), is a widespread practice to reduce copper corrosion, achieving significant delays in the corrosion process. Reference is made to the search for new environmentally friendly inhibitors for copper and bronze using organic compounds in acid, neutral and alkaline media, and a number of ecological alternatives are reviewed.

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Explanation of Tin Role in the High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Bronzes

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Scaling and internal oxidation of α-CuSn alloy

Scaling and internal oxidation of α-CuSn alloy

Intentional patina of metal archaeological artefacts: non-destructive investigation of Egyptian and Roman museum treasures

Copper deterioration: causes, diagnosis and risk minimisation

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