“…At 523 K, it gives 5.5 times of PL intensity compared to initial intensity. This phenomenon is because when the temperature gradually increases, the phosphor and inherent defects in the glass structure act as electron-trapping centers to provide extra energy to activators (Ce 3+ ) for luminescence enhancement. ,, Thermoluminescence (TL) spectrum (Figure e) demonstrates three intense TL peaks at 349, 437, and 573 K, respectively. The relevant trap depths are estimated to be 0.698, 0.874, and 1.146 eV, respectively (according to the equation E trap = T /500 (eV), where the temperature T is in units of K). ,− During continuous heating and 450 nm excitation, defects produce abundant energy for the conduction band (to counteract thermal ionization) and the 5d-band (to enhance yellow-light emission by simultaneously recombining luminescence centers and electrons). ,− As the temperature increases, the electrons in deeper traps are released to supply energy.…”