Exploiting non-equilibrium phase separation for self-assembly

Grünwald, Michael; Tricard, Simon; Whitesides, George M.; Geissler, Phillip L.

doi:10.1039/c5sm01922b

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For artificial swimmers, the persistence length could be decreased by strategies such as putting geometric anisotropy in particle shape [49] or applying an external alternating field [50]. We also note that a macroscale prototype of our effect may be realized by shaking granular mixture of grains with different friction coefficients/masses [51]. In the main text, we discussed the relationship between run-and-tumble particles and two temperature systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hot particles attract in a cold bath

2017

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Controlling interactions out of thermodynamic equilibrium is crucial for designing addressable and functional self-organizing structures. These active interactions also underpin collective behavior in biological systems. Here we study a general setting of active particles in a bath of passive particles, and demonstrate a novel mechanism for long range attraction between active particles. The mechanism operates when the translational persistence length of the active particle motion is smaller than the particle diameter. In this limit, the system reduces to particles of higher diffusivity ("hot" particles) in a bath of particles with lower diffusivity ("cold" particles). This attractive interaction arises as a hot particle pushes cold particles away to create a large hole around itself, and the holes interact via a depletion-like attraction. Strikingly, the interaction range is more than an order of magnitude larger than the particle radius, well beyond the range of conventional depletion force. Although the mechanism occurs outside the parameter regime of typical biological swimmers, the mechanism could be realized in the laboratory. arXiv:1611.02234v2 [cond-mat.soft]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Hot particles attract in a cold bath

2017

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“…This is used in two dimensions by placing objects on a moving platform with a linear or orbital shaker, but also pseudorandom shaking has been applied . Rather than using stiction and friction, one can place objects on smooth vibrating surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Thermodynamic Description of Turbulence as a Source of Stochastic Kinetic Energy for 3D Self‐Assembly

Löthman

Hageman

Elwenspoek

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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The extent to which one can use a thermodynamic description of turbulent flow as a source of stochastic kinetic energy for 3D self‐assembly of magnetically interacting macroscopic particles is investigated. It is confirmed that the speed of the objects in the flow field generated in this system obeys the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, and their random walk can be defined by a diffusion coefficient following from the Einstein relation. However, it is discovered that the analogy with Brownian dynamics breaks down when considering the directional components of the velocity. For the vectorial components, neither the equipartition theorem nor the Einstein relation is obeyed. Moreover, the kinetic energy estimated from the random walk of individual objects is one order of magnitude higher than the value estimated from Boltzmann statistics on the interaction between two spheres with embedded magnets. These results show that introducing stochastic kinetic energy into a self‐assembly process by means of turbulent flow can to a great extent be described by standard thermodynamic theory, but anisotropies and the specific nature of the interactions need to be taken into account.

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“…Recently, the notion "matter" has come to include "active matter" [1,2] covering a broad class of systems in which autonomous constituents convert (free) energy into directed motion, ranging from flocks of birds [3] to bacteria [4]. Of particular interest are suspensions of self-propelled colloidal particles [5] due to their potential applications, e.g., for self-assembly [6][7][8] and sorting [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation pathway and kinetics of phase-separating active Brownian particles

2016

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Suspensions of purely repulsive but self-propelled Brownian particles might undergo phase separation, a phenomenon that strongly resembles the phase separation of passive particles with attractions. Here we employ computer simulations to study the nucleation kinetics and the microscopic pathway active Brownian disks take in two dimensions when quenched from the homogeneous suspension to propulsion speeds beyond the binodal. We find the same qualitative behavior for the nucleation rate as a function of density as for a passive suspension undergoing liquid-vapor separation, suggesting that the scenario of an effective free energy also extends to the kinetics of phase separation. We study the transition in more detail through a committor analysis and find that transition states are best described by a combination of cluster size and the radial polarization of particles in the cluster.

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Exploiting non-equilibrium phase separation for self-assembly

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Hot particles attract in a cold bath

Hot particles attract in a cold bath

A Thermodynamic Description of Turbulence as a Source of Stochastic Kinetic Energy for 3D Self‐Assembly

Nucleation pathway and kinetics of phase-separating active Brownian particles

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