Exploration of anti-insect potential of trypsin inhibitor purified from seeds of Sapindus mukorossi against Bactrocera cucurbitae

Abstract

Peptidase inhibitors (PIs) are defense proteins of plants which are active against gut peptidases of different insects. Sapindus mukorossi was identified as a source of bioactive PIs which could confer resistance against Bactrocera cucurbitae, a most devastating pest of several economically important crops. In the present study, a trypsin inhibitor was purified from mature dry seeds of S. mukorossi and characterized for its biochemical properties as well as its potential for bio control of B. cucurbitae. The purified fractions from RP- HPLC through SDS-PAGE gave an apparent molecular weight of ~29 kDa. S. mukorossi trypsin inhibitor (SMTI) was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor which was active over a broad range of temperature (10–100 °C) and pH (6–11). SMTI when incorporated in artificial diet inhibited the growth and development of B. cucurbitae larvae. Gene expression analysis of trypsin and chymotrypsin genes via qRT-PCR indicated that their mRNA expression was down-regulated while that of other genes namely, Catalase, Elastase, Superoxide Dismutase, Glutathione –S-transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase was up regulated. SMTI also showed deleterious effects against different bacterial strains. The results of this study indicated that S. mukorossi trypsin inhibitor has potential to be used as a bio control agent that can reduce the harm caused by melon fruit fly and other devastating pests.

Antimicrobial Colloidal Complexes of Lysozyme with Bio-Based Surface Active Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Medium

“…On the other hand, the investigated SAILs are negligibly active toward studied bacterium. Further, on comparing the present work with the literature reports where different proteins/enzymes are stabilized, ,, it can be emphasized that the present study provides the new approach toward increasing the lytic activity of LYZ against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and also the investigated systems have resulted in better antimicrobial activities in comparison to the known antibiotics . Thus, the present work, along with the previous reports on stabilization of different enzymes in aqueous solutions of ILs or colloidal systems of SAILs, ,, is expected to draw the attention toward stabilization of enzymes and proteins at interfaces offered by self-assembled structures of SAILs in the aqueous medium.…”

“…It is important to note that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value and zone of inhibition (diameter) of different antibiotics for the bacterial strains under investigation was reported to be 100 μg/mL for ampicillin against E. coli (zone of inhibition 26 mm), 100 μg/mL for carbenicillin against P. aeruginosa (zone of inhibition 26 mm), and 50 μg/mL for kanamycin against B. thuringiensis (zone of inhibition 24 mm). However, here in the control experiment, the concentration of lysozyme for these bacterial strains is set at 35.7 μg/mL, which produces a zone of inhibition up to 18, 18, and 28 mm for E. coli , P. aeruginosa , and B. thuringiensis , respectively.…”

Evaluating the insecticidal potential of ethanol extracts from Melia azedarach Linn. against Bactrocera cucurbitae - a pest inflicting damage on Momordica charantia Linn.

“…It serves as a crucial index when assessing the potential harm caused by the insect to crops or the agricultural environment. Typically, a reduction in the number of pupae is considered positive, as it may decrease the insect's reproductive capacity and, consequently, minimize its harmful impact on crops or the surrounding environment Samiksha et al (2019). In this study, the pupation period significantly increased in groups treated with MAFS, especially in the MSFS625 group, indicating that MAFS can slow down and inhibit the pupation process of B. cucurbitae under laboratory conditions.…”

Preventive role of Sapindus species in different neurological and metabolic disorders

“…Current biological and pharmacological updates on Sapindus trifoliatus have been reviewed below (Table 1 (Tab. 1) ; References in Table 1: Arul et al, 2004[ 1 ]; Arulmozhi et al, 2004[ 2 ][ 4 ], 2005[ 3 ][ 5 ]; Bera et al, 2019[ 6 ]; Bodhankar et al, 1974[ 7 ]; Borad et al, 2001[ 8 ]; Chaudhary et al, 2019[ 9 ]; Chen et al, 2019[ 10 ]; Desai, et al, 1986[ 11 ]; Dixit and Gupta, 1982[ 12 ]; Gandreddi et al, 2015[ 13 ]; Grover et al, 2005[ 14 ]; Hu et al, 2018[ 15 ]; Kamboj and Dhawan, 1982[ 16 ]; Lal et al, 1976[ 17 ]; Lu et al, 2016[ 18 ]; Polli et al, 2021[ 19 ]; Pore et al, 2010[ 20 ]; Porsche et al, 2018[ 21 ]; Samiksha et al, 2019[ 22 ]; Sirisha et al, 2018[ 23 ]; Tiwari et al, 2008[ 24 ]; Tungmunnithum et al, 2018[ 25 ]; Wei et al, 2021[ 26 ]).…”