Heavy fractions (e.g.,
asphaltene and resin) can easily be subjected
to physical aggregation and chemical coking reaction through molecular
force in the process of lightweight processing and use of coal tar
(CT), such that the normal processing and use can be affected. In
this study, hydrogenation experiments were performed by regulating
the catalyst to oil ratio (COR), while the heavy fractions of the
hydrogenated products were extracted based on a novel separation method
(e.g., the resin with a poor separation effect and rare existing research).
The samples were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
and thermogravimetric analysis. On that basis, the composition and
structure characteristics of heavy fractions and the law of hydrogenation
conversion were investigated. As indicated by the results, with the
rise of the COR, the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes
(SARA) contents indicated the law of increasing the content of saturate,
decreasing the content of other fractions, as well as sharply decreasing
the content of asphaltene. Moreover, with the increase of the reaction
condition, the relative molecular weight, the content of the hydrogen
bonded functional groups and C–O groups, the carbon skeleton
properties, the number of aromatic rings, and the stacking structure
parameters were progressively reduced. In comparison with resin, asphaltene
was characterized by large aromaticity and more aromatic rings, short
and less alkyl side chains, as well as more complex heteroatoms on
the surface of the heavy fractions. The results achieved in this study
are expected to lay a solid basis for the relevant theoretical research
and facilitate the industrial use process of CT processing.