Exploration of Hypoglycemic Activity of Saccharomyces pastorianus Extract and Evaluation of the Molecular Mechanisms

Abstract

Although the hypoglycemic potential of brewer’s yeast extract has been reported, there is limited information pertaining to the hypoglycemic ingredients of Saccharomyces pastorianus extract and their mechanisms of action available. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro hypoglycemic effect of S. pastorianus extract and to elucidate its molecular mechanisms. S. pastorianus extract was mainly composed of proteins followed by carbohydrates. In diabetic rats, oral administration of S. pastorianus extract significantly reduced the levels of plasma glucose and enhanced the activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase. Treatment with S. pastorianus extract increased the localization of type 4 glucose transporter (GLUT4), PTP, and insulin receptor at 3T3-L1 cell membranes and raised the levels of P38 MAPK, PI3K, and AKT in the cytosol. In agreement with these results, pretreatment of 3T3-L1 cells with inhibitors of PTP, PI3K, Akt/PKB, and p38 MAPK inhibited glucose uptake induced by application of S. pastorianus extract. Most importantly, a 54 kDa protein with hypoglycemic activity was identified and suggested as the major ingredient contributing to the hypoglycemic activity of S. pastorianus extract. In summary, these results clearly confirm the hypoglycemic activity of S. pastorianus extract and provide critical insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms.

A “PAKU-PAKU KOUBO-KUN” containing yeast and mulberry extract postprandial glycemic control in healthy Japanese men and women: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study

“…A study conducted in Iran in which T2D patients In vivo and in vitro Saccharomyces pastorianus has additionally been found to exhibit hypoglycemic effects; the mechanism is thought to be an increase in GLUT4, phosphotyrosine phosphatase, and insulin receptor localization [32]. 1-DNJ has also been suggested to modulate glucose metabolism via GLUT4 [33,34].…”

Potential use of yeast protein in terms of biorefinery, functionality, and sustainability in food industry

“…In line with these findings, pretreatment of 3T3‐L1 cells with PTP, PI3K, Akt/PKB, and p38 MAPK inhibitors prevented the absorption of glucose brought on by the administration of S. pastorianus extract. Most importantly, it was discovered that the main component responsible for the hypoglycemic effect of S. pastorianus extract was a 54 kDa protein (Wu et al., 2021). Exploring yeast peptides' hypoglycemic effect is an attractive field of study that may result in the creation of new medicines for diabetes and other illnesses marked by abnormal blood sugar levels.…”