“…[10,14,18] Previous studies suggest that the birnessite-like MnO x and Mn 2 O 3 exhibit higherc atalytic performance than Mn 3 O 4 and MnO 2 .T he series of ad eclining performance follows an order,( birnessite, Mn 2 O 3 ) > Mn 3 O 4 > (MnO, MnO 2 ), that basically mirrorst he decrease of the Mn 3 + concentration in these manganese oxides. [9,10,16,20] This is supported by investigations showingt hat MnO x films electrodeposited from aqueous electrolytes, which are poorly active at pH 7, show much improved activity in basic solution (pH > 9), ar egime under which Mn 3 + is stabilized. [10] Indeed, suppression of the disproportionation reaction, andc onsequent stabilization of Mn 3 + ,h as been linked to as ignificant increase in catalytic activity.…”