Exploration of the association between serum uric acid and testosterone in adult males: NHANES 2011–2016

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have suggested that the possible relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and testosterone. However, the results of previous studies are controversial and there is limited evidence examining the relationship between SUA and testosterone in a general US population of men. The objective of this study is to explore the correlation of SUA and testosterone among adult males from the US.Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016 were used, including a total of 7,796 male participants aged 18 years or older and excluding those lacking serum testosterone and uric acid data. Clinical characteristics of the participants among different SUA groups and testosterone groups are compared. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between SUA and testosterone. Results:We found an inverse association between SUA and testosterone after fully adjusted the potential confounding factors in general US adult males. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, we found that increasing age (estimate testosterone percent difference: −0.20% per year, P<0.01), uric acid (estimate testosterone percent difference: −4.40% per md/dL, P<0.01) and BMI (estimate testosterone percent difference: −2.86% per kg/m2, P<0.01) were associated with declining serum testosterone. This association remained significant in sensitivity analysis, while in the stratified analysis, above association was not significant in men with diabetes or aged 65 and over.Conclusions: SUA levels might be negatively associated with serum testosterone in adult males.

The dose-response relationship between sex hormones and hyperuricemia in different gender: NHANES 2013-2016

“…Likewise, estradiol (E2) is negatively correlated with female uric acid and positively correlated with male uric acid. Other researchers have found that the relationship is no longer significant among postmenopausal women and men over 65, and the mechanism was still unclear ( 14 , 15 ). At present, there is no objective report on the dose-response relationship between sex hormones and HUA.…”

The Association between Serum Testosterone and Hyperuricemia in Males

“…The SU levels in our study were similar to those found in a nutritional and health survey conducted in Taiwan from 1993 to 1996, which showed that the mean SU level in males was 6.63 mg/dL [ 4 ]. Several studies have assessed the relationship between the total testosterone and SU levels [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 34 ]. Han et al [ 20 ] conducted a study among 7796 patients in China from 2011 to 2016 and showed that the SU levels were negatively associated with total testosterone level in adult males.…”

“…Several studies have assessed the relationship between the total testosterone and SU levels [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 20 , 34 ]. Han et al [ 20 ] conducted a study among 7796 patients in China from 2011 to 2016 and showed that the SU levels were negatively associated with total testosterone level in adult males. The mean age of their study participants was 47.6 years, and the mean total testosterone level was 417 ng/dL, which are similar to those in our study.…”

“…Recent studies have shown varying results regarding the relationship between total testosterone and SU levels. Some studies have shown a positive association [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], and other studies have shown a negative association [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Hyperuricemia as a possible risk factor for abnormal lipid metabolism in the Chinese population: a cross-sectional study

“…Serum UA levels have been reported to be negatively correlated with testosterone levels (21). Testosterone affects the expression pattern of urate transporters in the kidneys, such as urate transporter 1, glucose transporter 9, and sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1, which induces UA reabsorption in males (22).…”