Explorations in behavioral consistency: Properties of persons, situations, and behaviors.

Funder, David C.; Colvin, C. Randall

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.5.773

Cited by 477 publications

(407 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Specifically, we took a molar approach to examining nonverbal and verbal behavior, relying on impressions created by those behaviors rather than on a molecular analysis of facial configurations and pronoun use (for example). Indeed, research suggests that stable behavioral patterns are better communicated through molar as opposed to molecular behavior (Funder & Colvin, 1991) and behavior considered at the molar level reliably indexes internal states in a manner that cannot be attributed to chance (cf. Ambady et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Being Consistent: The Role of Verbal–Nonverbal Consistency in First Impressions

Weisbuch

Ambady

Clarke

et al. 2010

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

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Extant research suggests that people seem deceitful and difficult to understand when their verbal behavior is inconsistent with their nonverbal behavior. Building on this literature, we examined the impact of behavioral coherence on impression formation: We expected people to be likeable to the extent that their verbal and nonverbal behavior was consistent (i.e., coherent). In two studies, participants were videotaped during interpersonal interactions. In both studies, judges with access to only transcripts or silent videos rated participants with respect to emotions (Study 1) or interpersonal concern (Study 2). Other judges-with access to full-audio video-rated participants' likeability. Consistency across verbal (transcript) and nonverbal (silent video) channels was associated with likeability. Discussion focuses on the role of behavioral coherence in impression formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Being Consistent: The Role of Verbal–Nonverbal Consistency in First Impressions

Weisbuch

Ambady

Clarke

et al. 2010

Basic and Applied Social Psychology

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“…However, a situation may have a different impact on different individuals. This results in a low cross-situational consistency of behaviour, yet situational profiles that are stable across time and distinctive between individuals (Funder & Colvin 1991, Mischel et al 2002. Similarly, a situation can induce a specific behaviour in one kind of individual, and a different behaviour in another, which results in a low coherence between responses within a situation and stable individual response profiles (Asendorpf 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality in the behaviour of great apes: temporal stability, cross-situational consistency and coherence in response

2008

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Using a multidisciplinary approach, the present study complements ethological behaviour measurements with basic theoretical concepts, methods, and approaches of the personality psychological trait paradigm. Its adoptability and usefulness for animal studies is tested exemplarily on a sample of 20 zoo-housed great apes (five of each species), bonobos (Pan paniscus), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus), gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii). Data on 76 single trait-relevant behaviours were recorded in a series of 14 laboratory based situations and in two different free behaviour situations. Data collection was repeated completely after a timeout of two weeks within a 60-day period. All behaviour records were sufficiently reliable. Individual-and variable-oriented analyses showed high/substantial temporal stability on different levels of aggregation. Distinctive and stable individual situational and response profiles clarified the importance of situations and of multiple trait-relevant behaviours. The present study calls for a closer collaboration between personality psychologists and behavioural biologists to tap the full potential of animal personality research.

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“…For the behavioral features, a potentially relevant distinction is that between automatic, physiologically based behaviors and more "voluntary" controlled behaviors (Funder & Colvin, 1991). Other potentially relevant behavioral features could be derived from Rosenzweig's (1944Rosenzweig's ( , 1976 distinction between the extrapunitive, intropunitive, and impunitive character of responses, based on whether the responses are directed, respectively, to the source of the frustration, to the subject himself or herself, or to neither of the two.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Why do different persons (situations, behaviors) belong to the same person (situation, behavior) class (Bem, 1983;Funder & Colvin, 1991;Golding, 1975;Mischel & Peake, 1982;Olweus, 1976;Shoda et al, 1994)? What is the substantive basis of the hierarchical relations and of the if-then rules of the model?…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in situation–behavior profiles: A triple typology model.

Vansteelandt¹,

Mechelen²

1998

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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A model is proposed to represent individual differences in situation-behavior profiles. The model consists of 3 components: (a) q'ypologies of person, situation, and behavior classes; (b) hierarchical relations between the classes of each typology; and (c) a characterization of the person types in terms of different sets of if (situation class) then (behavior class) rules by which the 3 typologies are linked to one another. A data analysis technique (INDCLAS) is available to induce a triple typology model from empirical data. To reveal the psychological mechanisms behind such a model, the classes of the model can be related to situation, behavior, and person features. As a result, person types can be interpreted in terms of systems of cognitive-affective variables that mediate between active situation features and behavioral manifestations. This is illustrated with a study on selfreported hostile behavior in frustrating situations.According to Bem( 1983 ), the fundamental scientific task for personality research is to convert observations of particular persons behaving in particular ways in particular situations into assertions that certain kinds of persons will behave in certain kinds of ways in certain kinds of situations, that is, to construct triple typologies or equivalence classes--of persons, of behaviors, and of situations--and to fashion theories of personality that relate these equivalence classes to one another. (p. 566) Several authors other than Bern have underscored the importance of studying personality in terms of meaningful patterns of stability and change in well-defined groups of behaviors in relation to well-defined groups of situations (Allport, 1937;Claeys, Timmers, & Phalet, 1993;Golding, 1975;Mischel & Shoda, 1995;Olweus, 1976;Pervin, 1976;Shoda, Mischel, & Wright, 1993Wright & Mischel, 1987). In particular, Wright and Mischel, building on earlier work of Alston (1975), proposed a conditional approach to the study of personality, in which the fundamental unit of observation is not the unconditional probability of behavior but rather the conditional probability of a certain type of behavior given types of situations or psychological conditions. Within this context, differences between (classes of) persons may be conceived as differences in if (situation class) then (behavior class) rules. Wright and Mischel further assumed that the situation category as well as the behavior Kristof Vansteelandt and Iven Van Mechelen, Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.The research reported in this article was supported by North Atlantic Treaty Organization Grant CRG921321. We thank Seymour Rosenberg for his helpful comments on an earlier version of this article.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Kristof Vansteelandt, Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic mail may be sent to kristof.vansteelandt @psy.kuleuven.ac.be. category are prototype-based categories with vague boun...

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Explorations in behavioral consistency: Properties of persons, situations, and behaviors.

Cited by 477 publications

References 39 publications

On Being Consistent: The Role of Verbal–Nonverbal Consistency in First Impressions

On Being Consistent: The Role of Verbal–Nonverbal Consistency in First Impressions

Personality in the behaviour of great apes: temporal stability, cross-situational consistency and coherence in response

Individual differences in situation–behavior profiles: A triple typology model.

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