Exploratory study on the use of HMD virtual reality to investigate individual differences in visual processing styles

Abstract

PurposeGlobal and local processing is part of human perceptual organisation, where global processing helps extract the “gist” of the visual information and local processing helps perceive the details. Individual differences in these two types of visual processing have been found in autism and ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Virtual reality (VR) has become a more available method of research in the last few decades. No previous research has investigated perceptual differences using this technology.Design/methodology/approachThe objective of the research is to threefold: (1) identify if there is association between ADHD and autistic traits and the performance on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) task, (2) investigate practical effects of using VR drawing tools for research on perceptual experiences and (3) explore any perceptual differences brought out by the three-dimensional nature of the VR. The standard ROCF test was used as a baseline task to investigate the practical utility of using VR as an experimental platform. A total of 94 participants were tested.FindingsAttention-to-detail, attention switching and imagination subscales of autism quotient (AQ) questionnaire were found to be predictors of organisational ROCF scores, whereas only the attention-to-detail subscale was predictive of perceptual ROCF scores.Originality/valueThe current study is an example of how classic psychological paradigms can be transferred into the virtual world. Further investigation of the distinct individual preferences in drawing tasks in VR could lead to a better understanding of individual differences in the processing of visuospatial information.

Two sides of the same coin: accessibility practices and neurodivergent users' experience of extended reality

“…The scoping review by Savickaite et al. (2022a, b) on VR applications in autism research also points out to gaps concerning age, gender and geographical representation of autistic participants. The review highlights how with most existing studies involve individuals who are young, male, and North American or European.…”

“…More recently, the study by Savickaite et al. (2022a, b) has shown how autistic individuals and individuals with ADHD have significantly different visuospatial processes during complex VR drawing tasks. This highlights the importance of understanding different perceptual experiences of neurodivergent people.…”

Neurodivergent participatory action research for Virtual Reality (VR)

“…For instance, to increase psychological fidelity, one may be able to identify and remove informational cues that are potentially adverse or disruptive to autistic individuals. Such features could take the form of visual or auditory stimuli that are unpleasant for those with sensory hypersensitivities, or seemingly minor visual idiosyncrasies that are readily detected by individuals with high “attention-to-detail” (Savickaite et al. , 2022b).…”

“…For instance, to increase psychological fidelity, one may be able to identify and remove informational cues that are potentially adverse or disruptive to autistic individuals. Such features could take the form of visual or auditory stimuli that are unpleasant for those with sensory hypersensitivities, or seemingly minor visual idiosyncrasies that are readily detected by individuals with high "attention-to-detail" (Savickaite et al, 2022b). Furthermore, potential differences relating to anxiety (White et al, 2009), emotion regulation (Mazefsky et al, 2013) and motor coordination (Fournier et al, 2010) can be examined by stakeholders who have lived experiences of these issues, to evaluate a system's affective and/or ergonomic fidelity.…”