Exploring a Novel Target Treatment on Breast Cancer: Aloe-emodin Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induced Cell Apoptosis and Inhibited Cell Metastasis

Chen, Qing; Tian, Shengke; Zhu, Jing; Li, Kai‐Ting; Yu, Tinghe; Yu, Lehua; Bai, Dingqun

doi:10.2174/1871520615666150821093323

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Lee et al [14] have demonstrated that the cytoskeletal alteration was potentially involved in anoikis induced by AE-PDT in human lung carcinoma H460 cells. Our previous study also demonstrated that AE-PDT produced significant photocytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in tumors [15,16]. However, the molecular mechanism of AE-PDT is still not completely clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells

Chen

Da-wu

et al. 2016

Cancer Medicine

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment in cancer therapy, with a photosensitizer activated by visible light. Aloe‐emodin (AE) is a promising photosensitive agent. In this study, the photosensitizing effects and possible mechanisms of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells were evaluated. The efficiency of AE‐PDT was analyzed by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was investigated by Hoechst 33,342 staining and flow cytometer. The intracellular distribution of AE was detected with confocal microscopy. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH‐DA. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by Rhodamine 123. The expression of proteins including cytochrome c, caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78 was detected by western blot. Apoptosis is the primary mode of cell death in our study, which occurs in a manner of depending on AE concentration and irradiation dose. Confocal microscopy showed that AE was primarily localized on the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of MG63 cells. AE‐PDT resulted in rapid increases of intracellular ROS production, which reached a peak at 2 h, followed by declining of mitochondrial membrane potential, releasing of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and up‐regulation of caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78. These results suggest that death of MG63 cells induced by AE‐PDT is triggered by ROS. Meanwhile, Mitochondria and ER serve as the subcellular targets, which are responsible for AE‐PDT‐induced death of MG63 cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells

Chen

Da-wu

et al. 2016

Cancer Medicine

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“…Previous studies showed that aloe‐emodin exerted estrogenic activity and modulated breast cancer cell proliferation as phytoestrogen compound (Kang et al, ; Matsuda, Shimoda, Morikawa, & Yoshikawa, ). Chen et al () demonstrated that aloe‐emodin‐PDT could inhibit cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis were involved in mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) death pathways (Chen et al, ).…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chen et al () demonstrated that aloe‐emodin‐PDT could inhibit cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer MCF‐7 cells. The mechanisms of apoptosis were involved in mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) death pathways (Chen et al, ). Huang et al () indicated that aloe‐emodin could suppress the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐453) by downregulating ER α protein levels, thereby suppressing ER α transcriptional activation.…”

Section: Pharmacologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Aloe‐emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics

Dong

Zeng

Liu

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

338

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Aloe-emodin is a naturally anthraquinone derivative and an active ingredient of Chinese herbs, such as Cassia occidentalis, Rheum palmatum L., Aloe vera, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Emerging evidence suggests that aloe-emodin exhibits many pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. These pharmacological properties lay the foundation for the treatment of various diseases, including influenza virus, inflammation, sepsis, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, malaria, liver fibrosis, psoriasis, Type 2 diabetes, growth disorders, and several types of cancers. However, an increasing number of published studies have reported adverse effects of aloeemodin. The primary toxicity among these reports is hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, which are of wide concern worldwide. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that aloe-emodin has a poor intestinal absorption, short elimination half-life, and low bioavailability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of aloe-emodin reported to date with an emphasis on its biological properties and mechanisms of action.

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“…Aloes exert their anti‐ageing effects mainly through the modulation and scavenging of ROS contents . Aloe‐derived emodin exerts its antioxidant and pro‐apoptotic effect (e.g., in cancer cells) via the Nfr2‐mediated signalling . Also, it was reported that Aloe vera extract could induce considerable improvements in decreased CAT, SOD, GSH, GPx and glutathione‐ S ‐transferase levels in liver and kidney of diabetic rats, suggesting their immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects .…”

Section: Major Medicinal Plants Used In Medication System As Anti‐agementioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye‐Opening Look at Ageing‐Related Disorders

Bjørklund

Dadar

Martins

et al. 2018

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Several studies have reported that nature-derived antioxidants may prevent free radicals over-production and therefore control the onset and prevent the exacerbation of different kinds of diseases caused by oxidative stress and redox-derived stressors, including ageing, fundamentally by suppressing the oxidative by-products-mediated degradation. Naturally derived antioxidants exert their anti-ageing action via a panoply of signalling systems, many of which engaging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species scavenging, with the Nrf2/Keap1-ARE system and improving the many survival genes and functions (such as the pathway mTOR/Foxo/SIRT1) able to slow cellular senescence. Most of the research in this field has evaluated the regulative effects and even pathways of herbal extracts with antioxidant property in the ageing process, and various age-related disorders such as cardiovascular disease, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, coronary and myocardial circulatory perfusion, peripheral vascular resistance, and even neurodegenerative disorders are prevented plant phytochemicals often via their antioxidant potential. A much more complex ability to interact with survival functions makes these compounds successfully active in preventing ageing-related disorders. This report aimed to discuss in more detail some selected medicinal plants including Allium sativum, Aloe vera, Crataegus spp., Cynara scolymus, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Ginkgo biloba, Hippophae rhamnoides, Panax ginseng, Rosmarinus officinalis, Schizandra chinensis, Vitis vinifera and seaweeds in the prevention of ageing-related pathologies. A systematic overview of the relevant information in the antioxidant function of the many herbal products reviewed here for the control of the ageing process is proposed, to provide a new horizon on the design of anti-ageing herbal medicines.

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Exploring a Novel Target Treatment on Breast Cancer: Aloe-emodin Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Induced Cell Apoptosis and Inhibited Cell Metastasis

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells

Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells

Aloe‐emodin: A review of its pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics

Brief Challenges on Medicinal Plants: An Eye‐Opening Look at Ageing‐Related Disorders

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