“…(Looi et al, 2016) Mobile devices allow students to learn, create knowledge, and interact with multiple content. Thus, mobile learning supports the constructivist view of Learning (Padirayon, Pagudpud, & Cruz, 2019) because it provides a learner-centered pedagogy (Crompton & Traxler, 2019) and can increase student's independent learning towards a learning goal (Bartholomew, 2019). Based on research (Samaniego, 2019), games can improve students' independent learning.…”