Due to the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, its widespread distribution in our daily life, and emerging applications such as ultra high definition mobile video streaming, autonomous driving, or the internet of things with billions of connected devices, future wireless networks face high demands on achievable data rates, coverage, connectivity and delay. Physical layer cooperative communication has a huge potential to meet these demands. By forming a virtual antenna array among multiple nodes, the array gain, the diversity gain and the spatial multiplexing gain of multiantenna systems can be exploited. This allows to strongly improve the performance of mobile wireless networks.In this thesis physical layer cooperative communication schemes are investigated to improve the spectral efficiency, the scalability and the coverage range of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). We thereby focus on systems with low complexity. Specifically, we investigate multistage cooperative broadcasting to efficiently share common information with a large number of nodes, and provide an accurate performance prediction to it. We furthermore introduce leakage based beam shaping to increase the transmission range, while the signal in undesired directions is suppressed. Moreover, we propose simple resource allocation algorithms for quantize-and-forward receive cooperation to increase the spectral efficiency. We provide theoretical analysis and numerical evaluations of these schemes and investigate their performance, respectively the performance of combinations thereof, in two different scenarios: military MANETs and urban traffic hotspots with ultra high user density. We thereby show that with the proposed schemes the scalability, the coverage range and the throughput of wireless mobile networks can be strongly increased in the considered setups at low complexity and limited delay. Considering, e.g., transmit/receive virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) for traffic offloading to residential WLAN access points in urban hotspots, very large gains can be achieved compared to non-cooperating schemes if the local exchange is done out-of-band, e.g., in the 60 GHz band. Due to the large available bandwidth, very high exchange rates can be attained. Thereby, cooperative broadcasting is shown to be a key enabler for an efficient data exchange, as it can circumvent the high path loss and i Abstract the strong shadowing at 60 GHz, even with omnidirectional antennas.In addition to the cooperative communication schemes, we investigate the relation between the applied transmit power and the resulting interference power at unintended users (so called leakage power) in leakage based precoding, a promising multi-user MIMO precoding approach. Based on these investigations, we propose a target rate precoding as well as a rate optimal precoding, and provide a quasi closed-form solution for both. These precoding schemes lead to promising results and allow to optimize the network performance in terms of outage probability and throug...