Exploring gender differences among people who inject drugs in Australia: Findings from the 2012 Illicit Drug Reporting System

Stafford, Jennifer; Burns, Lucy

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.597

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…55 Low HIV prevalence among PWID is attributed to early and widespread implementation of harm reduction strategies including NSEP and OAT. 56 Women comprise approximately one-third of sentinel samples of PWID, 57 NSEP attendees, 55 and OAT clients. 58 Data from New South Wales, the most populous state and the state with the largest population of PWID, indicate that women first enter OAT at a younger age than men and are retained in treatment longer than men.…”

Section: Global Experience With Drug Treatment As Hiv Prevention For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Treatment as HIV Prevention Among Women and Girls Who Inject Drugs From a Global Perspective

Springer

Larney

Alammehrjerdi

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Although there have been significant reductions in the number of new HIV infections globally from 2009 to 2013, incidence remains unacceptably high for persons who use drugs. In many settings, women and girls who inject drugs (WWID) with HIV/AIDS experience poor treatment access, including evidence-based practices like antiretroviral therapy and drug treatment. Medication-assisted therapies (MAT) for substance use disorders are especially inaccessible, which in their absence, increases HIV transmission risk. Irrespective of setting or culture, drug treatment using MAT is not only effective but also cost-effective at reducing opioid use and linked injection and sexual risks. Data presented here for WWID address their access to MAT for opioid addiction and to treatments being developed that address the relationship, family, and vocational needs of this group. The most glaring finding is that globally, WWID frequently are excluded in surveys or studies with an impressive lack of disaggregated data by gender when surveying access to MAT—even in wealthy countries. Despite this, there have been some striking improvements in implementing drug treatment as prevention, notably in Iran and China. Still, real barriers remain for women and girls to accessing drug treatment, other harm reduction services, and antiretroviral therapy. Development and/or implementation of interventions that facilitate women and girls engaging in drug treatment that address their roles within society, work, and family/relationships, and outcome evaluation of these interventions are crucial.

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Section: Global Experience With Drug Treatment As Hiv Prevention For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Treatment as HIV Prevention Among Women and Girls Who Inject Drugs From a Global Perspective

Springer

Larney

Alammehrjerdi

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…The Pharmacy Needle and Syringe Survey conducted in New South Wales reported an even higher proportion of Aboriginal participants, with 15–20 per cent of the sample identifying as Aboriginal in the surveys conducted between 2006 and 2008 (Bryant et al, 2010). Additionally, 16 per cent of the participants recruited nationally in the 2012 Illicit Drugs Reporting System who reported injecting drugs identified as Aboriginal (Stafford and Burns, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of Aboriginal community attachment in promoting lifestyle changes after hepatitis C diagnosis

Brener

Wilson

Jackson

et al. 2015

Health Psychology Open

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This research assessed whether greater attachment to an Aboriginal community buffers against the negative effects of stigma and promotes positive health outcomes. Aboriginal Australians (n = 203) living with hepatitis C completed a survey assessing community attachment, stigma, resilience, quality of life, treatment intent, hepatitis C knowledge and positive lifestyle changes. A stronger sense of community attachment was associated with greater resilience, increased quality of life, less hepatitis C–related stigma and with increased lifestyle changes after diagnosis. Hence, community attachment can buffer against the negative health effects of stigma and may promote the resources to engage in positive behaviour changes, ultimately increasing long-term health outcomes.

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“…In particular, meaningfully incorporating measures derived from street-level questionnaires of people who use drugs may provide a more reliable metric of supply and availability. Indeed, some bodies, such as Australia's IDRS, collect such data,28 and this methodological approach should be considered by those coordinating surveillance of illegal drugs. Other bodies have also prioritised emphasising measures of community health including reduced HIV infections, reduced drug-related violence and reductions in number of individuals incarcerated 39 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal relationship between drug supply indicators: an audit of international government surveillance systems

et al. 2013

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ObjectivesIllegal drug use continues to be a major threat to community health and safety. We used international drug surveillance databases to assess the relationship between multiple long-term estimates of illegal drug price and purity.DesignWe systematically searched for longitudinal measures of illegal drug supply indicators to assess the long-term impact of enforcement-based supply reduction interventions.SettingData from identified illegal drug surveillance systems were analysed using an a priori defined protocol in which we sought to present annual estimates beginning in 1990. Data were then subjected to trend analyses.Main outcome measuresData were obtained from government surveillance systems assessing price, purity and/or seizure quantities of illegal drugs; systems with at least 10 years of longitudinal data assessing price, purity/potency or seizures were included.ResultsWe identified seven regional/international metasurveillance systems with longitudinal measures of price or purity/potency that met eligibility criteria. In the USA, the average inflation-adjusted and purity-adjusted prices of heroin, cocaine and cannabis decreased by 81%, 80% and 86%, respectively, between 1990 and 2007, whereas average purity increased by 60%, 11% and 161%, respectively. Similar trends were observed in Europe, where during the same period the average inflation-adjusted price of opiates and cocaine decreased by 74% and 51%, respectively. In Australia, the average inflation-adjusted price of cocaine decreased 14%, while the inflation-adjusted price of heroin and cannabis both decreased 49% between 2000 and 2010. During this time, seizures of these drugs in major production regions and major domestic markets generally increased.ConclusionsWith few exceptions and despite increasing investments in enforcement-based supply reduction efforts aimed at disrupting global drug supply, illegal drug prices have generally decreased while drug purity has generally increased since 1990. These findings suggest that expanding efforts at controlling the global illegal drug market through law enforcement are failing.

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Exploring gender differences among people who inject drugs in Australia: Findings from the 2012 Illicit Drug Reporting System

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Drug Treatment as HIV Prevention Among Women and Girls Who Inject Drugs From a Global Perspective

Drug Treatment as HIV Prevention Among Women and Girls Who Inject Drugs From a Global Perspective

The role of Aboriginal community attachment in promoting lifestyle changes after hepatitis C diagnosis

The temporal relationship between drug supply indicators: an audit of international government surveillance systems

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