Exploring network structure and central items of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

Briganti, Giovanni; Linkowski, Paul

doi:10.1002/mpr.1810

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…To complement the results, we also used the walktrap algorithm, which is based on the principle that adjacent nodes tend to belong to the same community [ 38 ]. This algorithm was shown to have high accuracy in simulation studies and was used in empirical network papers [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The item network and domain network of burnout in Chinese nurses

Ren

Wang

et al. 2021

BMC Nurs

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Background As a common social phenomenon, nurses’ occupational burnout has a high incidence rate, which seriously affects their mental health and nursing level. The current assessment mostly uses the total score model and explores the influence of external factors on burnout, while the correlation between burnout items or dimensions is less explored. Ignoring the correlation between the items or dimensions may result in a limited understanding of nurse occupational burnout. This paper explores the item and dimension network structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) in Chinese nurses, so as to gain a deeper understanding of this psychological construct and identify potential targets for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 493 Chinese nurses were recruited by cluster sampling. All participants were invited to complete the survey on symptoms of burnout. Network analysis was used to investigate the item network of MBI-GS. In addition, community detection was used to explore the communities of MBI-GS, and then network analysis was used to investigate the dimension network of MBI-GS based on the results of community detection. Regularized partial correlation and non-regularized partial correlation were used to describe the association between different nodes of the item network and dimension network, respectively. Expected influence and predictability were used to describe the relative importance and the controllability of nodes in both the item and dimension networks. Results In the item network, most of the strongly correlated edges were in the same dimension of emotional exhaustion (E), cynicism (C) and reduced professional efficacy (R), respectively. E5 (Item 5 of emotional exhaustion, the same below) “I feel burned out from my work”, C1 “I have become more callous toward work since I took this job”, and R3 “In my opinion, I am good at my job” had the highest expected influence (z-scores = 0.99, 0.81 and 0.94, respectively), indicating theirs highest importance in the network. E1 “I feel emotionally drained from my work” and E5 had the highest predictability (E1 = 0.74, E5 = 0.74). It shows that these two nodes can be interpreted by their internal neighbors to the greatest extent and have the highest controllability in the network. The spinglass algorithm and walktrap algorithm obtained exactly the same three communities, which are consistent with the original dimensions of MBI-GS. In the dimension network, the emotional exhaustion dimension was closely related to the cynicism dimension (weight = 0.65). Conclusions The network model is a useful tool to study burnout in Chinese nurses. This study explores the item and domain network structure of nurse burnout from the network perspective. By calculating the relevant indicators, we found that E5, C1, and R3 were the most central nodes in the item network and cynicism was the central node in the domain network, suggesting that interventions aimed at E5, C1, R3 and cynicism might decrease the overall burnout level of Chinese nurses to the greatest extent. This study provides potential targets and a new way of thinking for the intervention of nurse burnout, which can be explored and verified in clinical practice.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The item network and domain network of burnout in Chinese nurses

Ren

Wang

et al. 2021

BMC Nurs

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“…Psychometric characterisation of the narcissistic phenotype in general population cohorts has relied on well-established and validated questionnaires, in particular the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) by Raskin and Hall 11 , which considers aspects of grandiosity, as well as leadership and entitlement 12 – 16 . Hence, while alternative more recent scales have become available 16 – 18 , the NPI still remains a widely used instrument 19 , 20 with a large database of studies 21 , 22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Narcissistic personality traits and prefrontal brain structure

Nenadić

Lorenz

Gaser

2021

Sci Rep

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Narcissistic traits have been linked to structural and functional brain networks, including the insular cortex, however, with inconsistent findings. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that subclinical narcissism is associated with variations in regional brain volumes in insular and prefrontal areas. We studied 103 clinically healthy subjects, who were assessed for narcissistic traits using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI, 40-item version) and received high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel-based morphometry was used to analyse MRI scans and multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis, with threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE). We found significant (p < 0.05, family-wise error FWE corrected) positive correlations of NPI scores with grey matter in multiple prefrontal cortical areas (including the medial and ventromedial, anterior/rostral dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, subgenual and mid-anterior cingulate cortices, insula, and bilateral caudate nuclei). We did not observe reliable links to particular facets of NPI-narcissism. Our findings provide novel evidence for an association of narcissistic traits with variations in prefrontal and insular brain structure, which also overlap with previous functional studies of narcissism-related phenotypes including self-enhancement and social dominance. However, further studies are needed to clarify differential associations to entitlement vs. vulnerable facets of narcissism.

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“…First, we administered the NPI ( Raskin and Hall, 1979 ), one of the most widely used narcissism inventories, especially in social psychology, but also in clinical studies (for review/meta-analyses, see Grijalva et al, 2015 ; Grijalva and Zhang, 2016 ). While initial studies suggested seven first-order components designated authority, exhibitionism, superiority, vanity, exploitativeness, entitlement and self-sufficiency ( Raskin and Terry, 1988 ), there has been a plethora of subsequent studies discussing the factor structure of the NPI across different cohorts and translations ( Emmons, 1984 ; Kansi, 2003 ; Barelds and Dijkstra, 2010 ; Ackerman et al, 2011 ; Braun et al, 2016 ; Dinic and Vujic, 2019 ), also with regards to binary vs. Likert scale response variants ( Boldero et al, 2015 ; Miller et al, 2018a , c ), cross-cultural aspects ( Zemojtel-Piotrowska et al, 2019 ), centrality/network structure ( Briganti and Linkowski, 2020 ) and the phenotype it characterises. We administered the NPI, using the German long version (40 items, forced-choice response format), which had been validated and studied in four large German samples, and from which the above subscales can be extracted ( Schütz et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Narcissistic Traits and Executive Functions

Nenadić

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Several personality disorders have been associated with cognitive impairment, including executive functions like working memory. Yet, it is unclear whether subclinical expression in non-clinical persons is associated with cognitive functioning. Recent studies indicate that non-clinical subjects might, in fact, perform better with increasing moderate to mild expressions of narcissistic features. We tested working memory performance in a cohort of n=70 psychiatrically and neurologically healthy subjects using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS/WIE) subtests Arithmetic, Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing, and assessed narcissistic features using three different inventories: the widely used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), as well as two clinically used measures of narcissistic traits and states, respectively, derived from schema-focused therapy, i.e., the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) entitlement/grandiosity subscale and the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) self-aggrandizer subscale. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found nominally significant positive correlations of WIE Arithmetic performance with NPI total score (Spearman’s rho=0.208; p=0.043) and SMI self-aggrandizer scale (Spearman’s rho=0.231; p=0.027), but findings did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple comparisons (pFDR=0.189 and pFDR=0.243, respectively). While our findings add to recent studies on cognitive performance in subclinical narcissism, they fail to demonstrate an association of cognitive performance with narcissistic traits across multiple working memory tests, indicating the need for additional study, including complementary executive functions in larger cohorts and ranges of phenotype expression.

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Exploring network structure and central items of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

The item network and domain network of burnout in Chinese nurses

The item network and domain network of burnout in Chinese nurses

Narcissistic personality traits and prefrontal brain structure

Narcissistic Traits and Executive Functions

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