Exploring new formats of the Self-Assessment Manikin in the design with children

Hayashi, Elaine C. S.; Posada, Julián Esteban Gutiérrez; Maike, Vanessa Regina Margareth Lima; Baranauskas, M. Cecí­lia C.

doi:10.1145/3033701.3033728

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…First, users often misunderstand the depicted emotions. Especially children have difficulties understanding the SAM ( Yusoff et al, 2013 ; Hayashi et al, 2016 ). While the valence dimension of the SAM is quite intuitive (depicted as the figure’s facial expression going from a frown to a smile), the dominance dimension (depicted as the size of the figure) is much harder to explain, and the arousal dimension (depicted as an “explosion” in the stomach area) is often misinterpreted ( Broekens and Brinkman, 2013 ; Betella and Verschure, 2016 ; Chen et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions

et al. 2018

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Research on food experience is typically challenged by the way questions are worded. We therefore developed the EmojiGrid: a graphical (language-independent) intuitive self-report tool to measure food-related valence and arousal. In a first experiment participants rated the valence and the arousing quality of 60 food images, using either the EmojiGrid or two independent visual analog scales (VAS). The valence ratings obtained with both tools strongly agree. However, the arousal ratings only agree for pleasant food items, but not for unpleasant ones. Furthermore, the results obtained with the EmojiGrid show the typical universal U-shaped relation between the mean valence and arousal that is commonly observed for a wide range of (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory) affective stimuli, while the VAS tool yields a positive linear association between valence and arousal. We hypothesized that this disagreement reflects a lack of proper understanding of the arousal concept in the VAS condition. In a second experiment we attempted to clarify the arousal concept by asking participants to rate the valence and intensity of the taste associated with the perceived food items. After this adjustment the VAS and EmojiGrid yielded similar valence and arousal ratings (both showing the universal U-shaped relation between the valence and arousal). A comparison with the results from the first experiment showed that VAS arousal ratings strongly depended on the actual wording used, while EmojiGrid ratings were not affected by the framing of the associated question. This suggests that the EmojiGrid is largely self-explaining and intuitive. To test this hypothesis, we performed a third experiment in which participants rated food images using the EmojiGrid without an associated question, and we compared the results to those of the first two experiments. The EmojiGrid ratings obtained in all three experiments closely agree. We conclude that the EmojiGrid appears to be a valid and intuitive affective self-report tool that does not rely on written instructions and that can efficiently be used to measure food-related emotions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make the SAM more accessible to children, Hayashi et al (2016) replaced the cartoon characters with emoji. Their five-point “emoti-SAM” was quickly grasped by children and effectively used as both an online and a paper version.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions

et al. 2018

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“…There are a number of potential modifications and avenues for further explorations that are entailed by our investigations. We could, for instance, speculate that using a tangible version of Self Assessment Manikin [44] with children may reduce potential bias that the experimental procedure may have introduced when capturing affective rating elicited by a tangible stimuli. Additionally, future studies could investigate the impact of the texture, weight and material of the 3D shapes (e.g.…”

Section: Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

"Like Popcorn"

Metatla

Maggioni

Cullen

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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There is increasing interest in multisensory experiences in HCI. However, little research considers how sensory modalities interact with each other and how this may impact interactive experiences. We investigate how children associate emotions with scents and 3D shapes. 14 participants (10-17yrs) completed crossmodal association tasks to attribute emotional characteristics to variants of the "Bouba/Kiki" stimuli, presented as 3D tangible models, in conjunction with lemon and vanilla scents. Our findings support pre-existing mappings between shapes and scents, and confirm the associations between the combination of angular shapes ("Kiki") and lemon scent with arousing emotion, and of round shapes ("Bouba") and vanilla scent with calming emotion. This extends prior work on crossmodal correspondences in terms of stimuli (3D as opposed to 2D shapes), sample (children), and conveyed content (emotions). We outline how these findings can contribute to designing more inclusive interactive multisensory technologies. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Laboratory experiments; Empirical studies in HCI.

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“…Although the SAM is a validated and generally accepted tool, it has some practical drawbacks. The emotions it depicts are often misunderstood [ 41 , 42 ]. Although the valence scale of the SAM is quite intuitive (the mannikin’s facial expression varies from a frown to a smile), its arousal dimension (depicted as an ‘explosion’ in the mannikin’s stomach) is frequently misinterpreted [ 43 – 45 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The EmojiGrid as a rating tool for the affective appraisal of touch

Toet¹,

Erp

2020

PLoS ONE

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In this study we evaluate the convergent validity of a new graphical self-report tool (the Emo-jiGrid) for the affective appraisal of perceived touch events. The EmojiGrid is a square grid labeled with facial icons (emoji) showing different levels of valence and arousal. The Emoji-Grid is language independent and efficient (a single click suffices to report both valence and arousal), making it a practical instrument for studies on affective appraisal. We previously showed that participants can intuitively and reliably report their affective appraisal (valence and arousal) of visual, auditory and olfactory stimuli using the EmojiGrid, even without additional (verbal) instructions. However, because touch events can be bidirectional and dynamic, these previous results cannot be generalized to the touch domain. In this study, participants reported their affective appraisal of video clips showing different interpersonal (social) and object-based touch events, using either the validated 9-point SAM (Self-Assessment Mannikin) scale or the EmojiGrid. The valence ratings obtained with the Emoji-Grid and the SAM are in excellent agreement. The arousal ratings show good agreement for object-based touch and moderate agreement for social touch. For social touch and at more extreme levels of valence, the EmojiGrid appears more sensitive to arousal than the SAM. We conclude that the EmojiGrid can also serve as a valid and efficient graphical self-report instrument to measure human affective response to a wide range of tactile signals.

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Exploring new formats of the Self-Assessment Manikin in the design with children

Cited by 57 publications

References 14 publications

EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions

EmojiGrid: A 2D Pictorial Scale for the Assessment of Food Elicited Emotions

"Like Popcorn"

The EmojiGrid as a rating tool for the affective appraisal of touch

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