Exploring Potential Bioactive Peptides in Fermented Bactrian Camel’s Milk and Mare’s Milk Made by Mongolian Nomads

Abstract

To date, bioactive proteins and peptides from minor livestock milks and their fermented products have been scarcely reported. In Mongolia, nomads are commonly rearing five livestock animal species (i.e., cow, camel, goat, horse, and sheep) for milking and other purposes. In this study, we analyzed the peptide composition in fermented milks of Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) and horses, produced by Mongolian nomads for self-consumption. Peptides from skimmed fermented milks were separated by ultrafiltration and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, their amino acid sequences were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Consequently, eleven peptides were identified in the fermented camel’s milk including four from β-casein (β-CN), three from αs1-CN, and two from both κ-CN and lactophorin. On the other hand, twenty-four peptides were identified in the fermented mare’s milk including nineteen from β-CN, three from αs1-CN, and one from both κ-CN and αs2-CN. According to previous reports on the bioactivities of milk-derived peptides, antibacterial and antihypertensive activities were promising in both the fermented camel’s milk and mare’s milk. In addition, potential antioxidant activity was conjectured in the fermented camel’s milk. Further investigations are currently needed to clarify the potential role of immunomodulatory peptides in the two fermented milks.

Identification and molecular mechanisms of novel antioxidative peptides from fermented camel milk (Kachchi breed, India) with anti‐inflammatory activity in raw macrophages cell lines

“…Ganzorig et al . (2020) discovered 11 peptides in FCM: two from lactophorin, two from κ‐CN, four from β‐casein (β‐CN) and three from αs1‐CN.…”

Bioactive Compounds of Porcine Hearts and Aortas May Improve Cardiovascular Disorders in Humans

“…Such proteins as E1A binding proteins p400, PEHE domain-containing proteins, death inducer-obliterator 1, MSL complex subunit 1, nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 and BZIP domain-containing protein are also expressed in the heart and endocardial endothelium, but with lower intensity ( Supplementary Materials Table S3 ). Interestingly, the peptide NLHLP with ACE-inhibiting bioactivity elevated in the plasma of experimental group patients was mainly identified in dairy products [ 64 , 65 ]. A peptide search for NLHLP in Sus Scrofa proteins resulted in 57 proteins with the same sequence, with a predominance of DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunits and its isoforms, some isoforms of which have medium or low expression in the heart, endocardial endothelium and heart left ventricle.…”

Antihypertensive Peptides from Ultrafiltration and Fermentation of the Ricotta Cheese Exhausted Whey: Design and Characterization of a Functional Ricotta Cheese

“…In addition, the cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM-1), known as proteose-peptone 3 (PP3) [64], corresponding to the C-terminal-truncated variant of lactophorin [65] was already reported as source of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides. Three different GlyCAM-1 fragments were identified in the active subfractions of the fermented R-UF, and in particular, a large similarity was found between DETHLEAQPT-DASAQ and a previously identified bioactive sequence isolated in RCEW hydrolysates obtained with commercial proteases [52].…”