Exploring the Bottleneck of Iran's National Innovation System by Toc Thinking Process

Abstract

This paper contributes to identify systematic problems in NIS using Thinking Process (TOC-TP) and to eliminate the bottlenecks, which results in improving the innovation process and efficiency of NIS. The Case study in this research is the NIS of Iran. The national documents of the innovation system were studied and all problems of NIS mentioned in documents were gathered. The causal relationships between the systematic problems were identified by the survey and grouped into 6 components by Exploratory Factor Analysis: weakness in technology diffusion mechanisms, the lack of centralized governance on science and technology policy, the government's pivotal role as an executor in education and research, weak laws and regulations in the field of research and technology, the lack of adequate financial resources in R&D and the lack of any perspective on the creation of wealth and entrepreneurship among the actors of research and technology. Finally the bottleneck of Iran's NIS was recognized by Thinking Process tools: the small participation of private sector in research and education system as the result of government's pivotal role as an executor of Iran's national innovation system. So the researchers could diagnose the policy gaps related to the identified bottlenecks.

A teoria das Restrições aplicada no setor público: uma revisão da literatura

“…O governo atualmente é receptivo a experimentos e um pouco de desvio de política é permitido se atingir o bem público; então, a melhor maneira disponível é explorar a restrição, para ver quais opções estão disponíveis (Mishra & Sasmita, 2014). Abdi et al (2014) recomendam também proceder a seleção cuidadosa de parceiros potenciais, monitoramento e avaliação de projetos. Os gargalos do sistema podem ser identificados e os recursos limitados do país podem ser usados apenas para aumentar a capacidade do gargalo, de modo que a saída do sistema de inovação possa aumentar com mais rapidez e menor custo.…”

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“…Сегодня в базе цитирования Scopus по количеству статей Иран находится на 21 месте, а по количеству цитирований -18 Кроме того, это обостряет проблему «бутылочного горлышка» НИС Ирана: низкий уровень участия частного сектора в научно-образовательной системе. Изолированность от мирового рынка ограничивает возможности по масштабированию инноваций и, как следствие, ведет к большему участию государства в инновационной деятельности (Abdi et al, 2014). на 29 месте, незначительно уступая Турции (20 и 27 место соответственно).…”