It is with a great pleasure that we, as the Guest Editors, can finally present the Special Issue on "Software Quality for Modern Systems" for the Journal of Software: Evolution and Process.Software pervasiveness in modern systems strongly affects both industry and digital society. As a notable recent example, the proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is continuously leading to emerging needs and expectations from both software producers and consumers.At the same time, infrastructures, software components, and applications aim to hide their increasing complexity in order to appear more human-centric. However, the potential risk from design errors, poor integration, and time-consuming engineering phases can result in unreliable solutions that can barely meet their intended objectives. In this context, software engineering processes keep demanding for the investigation of novel and further refined approaches to software quality assurance (SQA).Software testing automation is a discipline that has produced noteworthy research in the last decades. The search for solutions to automatically test any concept of software is critical, and it encompasses several areas. These include generating test cases, test oracles, and test doubles (e.g., dummies, stubs, mocks, and fakes); defining test selection and prioritization criteria; engineering infrastructures governing; and optimizing the execution of testing sessions locally or remotely in the cloud.In this sense, we launched this special issue in order to explore current research methods, empirical evaluations, or industrial case studies involving software test automation for modern software systems such as AI solutions or applications, mobile applications, adaptive systems, or distributed and cloud platforms. Accordingly, we crafted a dedicated call for papers, inviting both the research and industrial communities to submit research papers in test automation focusing on improving various software quality attributes.