Exploring the Frequency of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in a Brazilian Sample during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Ribeiro, Fernando Salimon; Santos, Flávia Heloísa dos; Anunciação, Luís; Barrozo, Lucas; Landeira-Fernández, J.; Leist, Anja

doi:10.3390/ijerph18094847

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…More recent research on the virus has found COVID-19 to be associated with changes related to precautions to avoid COVID-19 infection, distress, behavioral changes, fears and concerns, and effects on opinions and beliefs and these changes are consistent with our findings [ 38 ]. In particular, other studies publishing that stress related to COVID-19 tends to be highest among females who do not have formal education are also consistent with our findings [ 39 , 40 ]. In terms of age and educational level as significantly predicted by our study, recent literature also suggests that education level, age, sex, and social condition had a significant association with knowledge about COVID-19 [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

Jony

Haque

Spence

et al. 2021

Behavioral Sciences

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COVID-19 has harshly impacted communities globally. This study provides relevant information for creating equitable policy interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to predict the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the COVID-19 pandemic at a global level to determine control measures and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using an online questionnaire. Questionnaires were initially distributed to academicians worldwide. These participants distributed the survey among their social, professional, and personal groups. Responses were collected and analyzed from 67 countries, with a sample size of 3031. Finally, based on the number of respondents, eight countries, including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United States, and Zambia were rigorously analyzed. Specifically, questionnaire responses related to COVID-19 accessibility, behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility were collected and analyzed. As per our analysis, age groups were found to be a primary determinant of behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility scores. Gender was the second most influential determinant for all metrics except information about COVID-19 accessibility, for which education was the second most important determinant. Respondent profession was the third most important metric for all scores. Our findings suggest that greater encouragement from government health authorities and the promotion of health education and policies are essential in the dissemination of COVID-19-awareness and increased control of the spread of COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

Jony

Haque

Spence

et al. 2021

Behavioral Sciences

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“…In a cross-sectional survey in China, during the COVID-19 outbreak, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the epidemic as moderate or severe, and the effect was more significant on women. The results also showed a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher stress levels, anxiety, and depression in students (Wang et al, 2020) but lower when compared to developing countries such as Bangladesh (Islam et al, 2020) or even Brazil (Goularte et al, 2021;Ribeiro et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Covid-19 Outbreak and Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Moreover, we detected that those respondents presenting severe depression during the social distancing measures were younger, with lower resilience and with higher scores on the anxiety scores. These outcomes indicate a difficulty for younger people to cope with stressors and keep psychological distress at lower levels during this pandemic (Chen and Bonanno, 2020), possibly due to uncertainty about their future prospects (Ribeiro et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Music Listening in Times of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Brazilian Study

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 outbreak required diverse strategies, such as social distancing and self-isolation, to avoid a healthcare system crisis. However, these measures have been associated with the onset or increase of anxiety and depression symptoms in the population. Music listening was previously shown to regulate emotion, consequently reducing depression symptoms. Since previous studies with Brazilian samples have already shown a high prevalence of depressive symptoms during the first confinement period, the aim of this study was threefold: (i) to compare groups with severe depression symptoms and no depression in what concerns to demographic and socio-economic factors as well as symptoms of anxiety and resilience levels, (ii) to explore changes in music listening daily routine during the confinement measures by both groups (no depression and severe depression), and (iii) to investigate which were the main factors influencing both two groups to music listening during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study included 494 Brazilian respondents aged 18 years and above. Our online survey comprised demographics, socio-economic, and COVID-19 related questionnaires, with questions regarding music listening used during social distancing measures on which the participants rated how much each of the 41 potential reasons for listening to music changed in importance compared to the situation before the pandemic and also the evaluation of anxiety, depression, and resilience levels. The respondents with severe depression were younger and showed higher levels of anxiety symptoms and lower resilience level. Furthermore, they were increasingly likely to listen to music to feel emotionally better with the situation, to feel comfort, to forget problems, to be energetic, to decrease sad feelings, to relax, to cheer up, to forget concerns, to express feelings, to reduce anxiety, to remember better times, to relieve boredom, to mentally stimulate themselves, and to ward off stressful thoughts compared to the participants with no depression. The exploratory factor analysis (FA) identified four types of music listening functions during social distancing measures: negative mood management, cognitive functioning, positive mood management, and physical involvement, in which the participants with severe depression revealed significant differences compared to non-depressed participants for the negative mood management factor, which shows the importance of music listening to regulate their negative emotions. As a conclusion, we can argue that most of our respondents used music listening to cope with and regulate their moods during confinement, especially those who presented with severe depression symptoms.

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“…The potential psychological and academic impact of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic, students' management of stress, and a possible gender modulation, among other factors, are subjects of growing interest in the most recent psychoeducational research (Ahuja et al, 2020;Cao et al, 2020;Harutyunyan et al, 2020;Rogowska et al, 2020;Ribeiro et al, 2021). There are certain disparities in the research regarding increased academic stress during the COVID-19 outbreak (Capone et al, 2020;Rogowska et al, 2020), its repercussions on the well-being of students from different cultures (Rogowska et al, 2020) and the role of gender differences (Pomerantz et al, 2002;Harutyunyan et al, 2020;Rogowska et al, 2020).…”

Section: Student Characteristics As a Factor Of Academic Stress: Gender Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Has the COVID-19 Crisis Affected the Academic Stress of University Students? The Role of Teachers and Students

et al. 2021

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The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have required substantial adjustments in terms of university teaching–learning processes. The aim of this study was to verify whether there were significant differences between the academic year of 2020 and the two preceding years in factors and symptoms and stress. A total of 642 university students (ages 18–25 years) participated by filling out validated self-reports during the months from March to August 2020. Using an ex post facto design, SEM analyses and simple and multiple ANOVAs were performed. Structural results showed that stress factors from the teaching process had a predictive value for the learning process, emotions, and academic burnout, and being a man was a factor predicting negative emotion. In a similar way, inferential results revealed no significant effect of academic year but did show an effect of gender on stress experiences during the pandemic. Aside from certain specific aspects, there was no significant global effect of the year 2020 on factors and symptoms of stress. The results showed that studying in the year of the COVID-19 outbreak did not have a significant effect on stress triggered by the teaching process. From these results, we draw implications for specific guidance interventions with university teachers and students.

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Exploring the Frequency of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in a Brazilian Sample during the COVID-19 Outbreak

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

Music Listening in Times of COVID-19 Outbreak: A Brazilian Study

How Has the COVID-19 Crisis Affected the Academic Stress of University Students? The Role of Teachers and Students

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