Exploring the Motivations Associated with the Poaching and Trafficking of Amur Tigers in the Russian Far East

Skidmore, Allison

doi:10.1080/01639625.2022.2045177

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…For example, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) is split-listed between Appendix I and II and poaching and ivory trafficking continue at concerning levels (Hauenstein et al 2019) In many cases illegal harvest of species occurs on public land, in close to open access conditions, and in circumstances where one or more prior assumptions (A1-5) have not been met. As examples, in the Russian Far East, rural people harvest tigers (Panthera tigris) to sell into international trade despite this being illegal, due to economic deprivation, the high financial reward, and the low risk of apprehension (Skidmore 2022). Paudel et al (2020) report that most of the incarcerated people they interviewed in Nepal harvested and traded protected species (e.g., greater one-horned rhino Rhinoceros unicornis) to supplement their income despite knowing the activities were illegal.…”

Section: The Enforcement Of the Legislation Leads To Compliance By Al...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A theory of change to improve conservation outcomes through CITES

Challender,

’t Sas-Rolfes,

Broad

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Understanding the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) is critical to addressing international environmental issues. Here we articulate the implied theory of change (ToC) underpinning the design and operation of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), based on an analysis of the Convention's documentation. We use this as a framework to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the Convention, with respect to its stated aims, using a range of theoretical and empirical insights. Although achieving success in various ways, CITES is proving ineffective at preventing the illegal and/or unsustainable exploitation of many listed species for international trade, which we attribute to implementation and compliance issues and the Convention’s design, including a principal focus on deterrence through state-led law enforcement. Informed by this analysis we develop a modified ToC which could support more effective implementation of CITES. This ToC is intended for application at the species level and incorporates an in-depth understanding of the social-ecological systems (SESs) within which species are harvested, used, and traded. This species-system ToC explicitly considers formal and informal institutions, and the use of institutional diagnostics to inform potential revisions to institutional arrangements along supply chains. We argue that taking this approach when considering whether and how to implement trade measures under CITES could enhance the effectiveness of these measures, and therefore support legal, traceable, and more ecologically and socially sustainable international trade in wild species. Finally, we highlight the role that CITES could play in the broader global biodiversity governance regime; better alignment with other relevant MEAs could lead to more effective biodiversity conservation overall.

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Section: The Enforcement Of the Legislation Leads To Compliance By Al...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A theory of change to improve conservation outcomes through CITES

Challender,

’t Sas-Rolfes,

Broad

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The current laws may be lenient, but sanctioning stricter laws may not be a coherent strategy, since much of the population lacks knowledge about the real consequences that wildlife trafficking can have on the environment (Skidmore, 2022). Given this, in recent years, tools have been used to help combat this crime, and one of them is the spatial analysis using geoprocessing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of Geoprocessing to Map Wild Bird Traffic in Pernambuco

Albuquerque¹,

Barreto²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

Rev. Bras. Geog. Fis.

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Wild bird trafficking in the state of Pernambuco has negatively impacted the local biodiversity and accentuated the ecosystems' imbalance. This crime has proven itself as a threat to the Brazilian and global biodiversity, which causes the extinction of several species, especially the avifauna, considered the most trafficked group. The goal of this research was to carry out a mapping of wild bird trafficking and seizures in Pernambuco, Brazil, in the period from 2016 to 2021, using geoprocessing techniques. Trafficking and seizure data of wild birds obtained from the Independent Company for Environmental Policing of Pernambuco (CIPOMA-PE) were used. A descriptive analysis and the elaboration of maps using the Jenks method has shown that the most trafficked bird has been from the papa-capim species (Sporophila artesiaca), showing that this bird is a highly acquired species in trafficking throughout the period. Besides that, the study has revealed through mapping that, the municipalities that have the highest numbers of bird trafficking are cut through or are close to the main highways in the state of Pernambuco. Thus, we emphasize the importance of creating an effective and efficient strategy to combat wild bird trafficking, based on geoprocessing techniques, as well as public policies aimed at strengthening the existing environmental laws at the municipal, state, and national levels.Keywords: Geotechnologies, Thematic Mapping, Wild Animals, Northeast Region, Bird Seizures. Uso do Geoprocessamento para mapear o Tráfico de Aves Silvestres em Pernambuco R E S U M OO tráfico de aves silvestres no estado de Pernambuco tem impactado negativamente à biodiversidade local e acentuado o desequilíbrio dos ecossistemas. Esse crime tem se mostrado como uma ameaça à biodiversidade brasileira e mundial, que provoca a extinção de diversas espécies, sobretudo da avifauna, considerada o grupo mais traficado. O objetivo da pesquisa foi efetuar um mapeamento do tráfico e de apreensões de aves silvestres em Pernambuco, Brasil, no período de 2016 a 2021, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Foram utilizados dados de tráfico e de apreensões de aves silvestres obtidos junto a Companhia Independente de Policiamento do Meio Ambiente de Pernambuco (CIPOMA-PE). Uma análise descritiva e a confecção de mapas utilizando o método de Jenks demonstrou que a ave mais traficada foi a espécie papa-capim (Sporophila artesiaca), mostrando que essa ave é uma espécie de grande aquisição no tráfico ao longo do período. Além disso, o estudo revelou através do mapeamento que, os municípios que possuem os maiores números de tráfico de aves são cortados ou estão próximos das principais rodovias do estado de Pernambuco. Desta feita, destacamos a importância da criação de estratégicas de combate efetivo e eficaz ao tráfico de aves silvestres, a partir das técnicas de geoprocessamento, bem como políticas públicas voltadas para o fortalecimento das leis ambientais já existentes em âmbito municipal, estadual e nacional.Palavras-chave: Geotecnologias, Mapeamento Temático, Animais Silvestres, Região Nordeste, Apreensões de Aves.

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