Exploring the Potential of Metallodrugs as Chemotherapeutics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

This review focuses on studies of coordination and organometallic compounds as potential chemotherapeutics against triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) which has one of the poorest prognoses and worst survival rates from all breast cancer types. At present, chemotherapy is still the standard of care for TNBC since only one type of targeted therapy has been recently developed. References for metal-based compounds studied in TNBC cell lines will be listed, and those of metal-specific reviews, but a detailed overview will also be provided on compounds studied in vivo (mostly in mice models) and those compounds for which some preliminary mechanistic data was obtained (in TNBC cell lines and tumors) and/or for which bioactive ligands have been used. The main goal of this review is to highlight the most promising metalbased compounds with potential as chemotherapeutic agents in TNBC.

Investigation of the Effects and Mechanisms of Anticancer Action of a Ru(II)‐Arene Iminophosphorane Compound in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells

“…Antimigratory and antiinvasive properties are typical of other ruthenium compounds in TNBC. [8,17,45,46,57]…”

“…[7] We have recently reviewed the activity and potential of metal-based compounds as chemotherapeutics for TNBC including recent clinical trials (up to October of 2020). [8] In this review we report not only on platinum compounds (that as cross-linking DNA agents are meant to be efficacious for TNBCs with BCRA1/2 mutations [2,9] ) but on a number of other metals (mostly ruthenium, gold and palladium [8] ). We focused on examples of compounds that have been efficacious in vivo and their mechanisms studied (at least in a preliminary way).…”

“…Ruthenium compounds have shown high efficacy in pre-clinical models in breast cancer [17] including TNBCs mice models . [8,[18][19][20][21][22] Our lab described the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation on selected cancer cell lines of a series of cationic organometallic ruthenium (II) complexes with varying iminophosphorane (IM) ligands like water-soluble compound [(η 6 -p-cymene)Ru(k-N,OÀ Ph 3 P=N-CO-2-NÀ C 5 H 4 )]Cl 1 (Ru-IM in Scheme 1). [20,21] Ru-IM (1) was found to be effective against several cisplatin-resistant cell lines (including TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231) but less toxic to healthy human renal proximal tubular (RPTC) cell lines.…”

Unraveling the Photodynamic Activity of Cationic Benzoporphyrin-Based Photosensitizers against Bladder Cancer Cells

“…1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 300 spectrometer at 300.13 MHz and a Bruker Avance 500 spectrometer at 500.12 and 125.77 MHz, respectively. CDCl 3 was used as solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as internal reference.…”

“…After this milestone, other platinum-based drugs, namely carboplatin and oxaliplatin, were developed and also approved throughout the world [3,12]. Some others have regulatory approval only in some countries (e.g., nedaplatin, miriplatin, loboplatin, or heptaplatin) or are currently under clinical trials [9,13]. Despite the wide use of platinumbased drugs, the treated patients experienced severe side effects related to their poor The synthesis of the positively monocharged benzoporphyrin derivatives 2 and 3 required the previous preparation of the scaffolds 1a,b following procedures already reported by us.…”