Exploring the potential of pyrolysis-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the characterization of Chinese inks of ancient manuscripts

Perruchini, E.; Pinault, Georges-Jean; Sablier, Michel

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2022.105503

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Palmitic acid/stearic acid (P/S) was approximately 4, indicating that plant oil was used in this white correction fluid (Han, Sun, et al, 2022). The detection of N on some stroke‐like gray areas (Figure S11) indicates that they should emanate from ink, which usually contains animal glue in their ingredients (Perruchini et al, 2022). The lead white particles resided on the fiber surface, which may also permeate into the fibers as they present high concentrations of lead (Figure S12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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In practice, correction fluid to mask text errors has been continuously in demand since papers began to be predominantly used since the late fourth century AD in ancient China. However, research on the trajectory of correction fluid composition has been largely overlooked and has not been revealed currently. In this study, a multianalytical approach was used to investigate a thin whiteout layer, used as correction fluids applied in 1890, on a book page from the famous Imperial Encyclopedia (1726 bronze‐type repaint version). The results showed that the white layer was composed of hydrocerussite ((PbCO3)2·Pb (OH)2) in mixture with plant oil and a tiny portion of calcium carbonate, which had been applied to conceal the originally printed Chinese characters upon which they were rewritten in preparing photographic negatives for reprinting using photolithography. The analysis results also suggest that lead white was likely domestically made using a local lead ore source by the wet synthetic process. Considering the prolonged use of orpiment (As2S3) as a correction fluid ingredient in Chinese tradition, a trajectory to lead white suggests not only advances in pulping and papermaking technology but also a shift in cultural habits and aesthetic psychology in the late Qing Dynasty.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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“…including any other technology used to prepare the document. The following 64 articles [ [548] , [549] , [550] , [551] , [552] , [553] , [554] , [555] , [556] , [557] , [558] , [559] , [560] , [561] , [562] , [563] , [564] , [565] , [566] , [567] , [568] , [569] , [570] , [571] , [572] , [573] , [574] , [575] , [576] , [577] , [578] , [579] , [580] ] [ [581] , [582] , [583] , [584] , [585] , [586] , [587] , [588] , [589] , [590] , [591] , [592] , [593] , [594] , [595] , [596] , [597] , [598] , [599] , [600] , [601] , [602] , [603] , [604] , [605] , [606] , [607] , [608] , [609] , [610] , [611] ], combined with 17 presentations [...…”

Section: Forensic Document Examinationunclassified

“…Perruchini et al explored ways to identify compounds characteristic of ingredients used in the manufacture of traditional Chinese inksticks used on manuscripts [ 603 ]. Neugebauer et al worked on the non-destructive or minimally invasive analytical identification of pigments in works of art for dating purposes in authentication cases as well as under preventive conservation aspects [ 604 ].…”

Section: Forensic Document Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

Deviterne-Lapeyre

Ibrahim²

2023

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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“…The development of multidimensional gas chromatography offered potentialities for better separation and higher resolution helpful in the analysis of complex chemical systems (Chin and Marriott, 2014;Tranchida et al, 2015). In fact, the application of GCxGC separation for the investigation of cultural heritage materials, e.g., handmade papers and inks (Han et al, 2016;Perruchini et al, 2022), lacquers (Han et al, 2022;Okamoto et al, 2018), organic residue (Brychova et al, 2021;Cnuts et al, 2018;Lebedev et al, 2021;Umamaheswaran et al, 2022), and bone collagen (Cersoy et al, 2018;Dutta et al, 2020), has demonstrated the benefits of using an analytical method of higher selectivity with a quicker and more reliable identification procedure compared to 1D GC/MS analysis (Han et al, 2018). Coupling of pyrolysis to GCxGC/MS demonstrated its efficiency in distinguishing paper fibers difficult to differentiate by microscopy, especially those from the Moraceae and Thymelaeaceae families, which produce different groups of markers in the ROI (Avataneo and Sablier, 2017;Han et al, 2016;Han et al, 2018;Han et al, 2017;Han et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid identification of bast fibers in ancient handmade papers based on improved characterization of lignin monomers by Py-GCxGC/MS

Han

Yang

Wang³

et al. 2022

Cellulose

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The precise identification of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fiber in ancient papers is of great significance in the study of paper history. However, different species of phloem fibers belonging to bast fibers (e.g., hemp, ramie, flax, jute) used in traditional hand papermaking in the East Asian region present similar microscopic morphological traits, which renders their accurate identification problematic and may cause controversy in archaeological interpretations. In this study, a method for the precise identification of Cannabis fiber in ancient handmade papers by Py-GCxGC/MS was developed for rapid fiber characterization in ancient papers. The proposed approach was based on the separation of characteristic lignin monomers from lignocellulose by Py-GCxGC/MS, with an example of joss paper samples excavated from the archaeological site of Astana tombs dating to the Tang Dynasty. The bidimensional chromatographic separation of the pyrolysis signature of plant materials allows a wellstructured layout in the 2D chromatograms. Therefore, it becomes possible to distinguish these different plant materials by applying a multivariate analysis treatment to the lignin monomers.The improved GCxGC separation of lignin monomers showed the benefit of the GCxGC profile for lignin monomer group identification as well as for the application of statistical analysis. The developed method presents the advantages of being rapid and effective for archaeological and cultural heritage applications in necessitating a tiny quantity of sample.

show abstract

Exploring the potential of pyrolysis-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the characterization of Chinese inks of ancient manuscripts

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Interpol questioned documents review 2019–2022

Rapid identification of bast fibers in ancient handmade papers based on improved characterization of lignin monomers by Py-GCxGC/MS

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