Exploring the potentiality of future standard candles and standard sirens to detect cosmic opacity *

Abstract

In this work, we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave (GW) and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) measurements to detect cosmic opacity by comparing the opacity-free luminosity distance (LD) of GW events with the opacity-dependent LD of SNe Ia observations. The GW data are simulated from the future measurements of the ground-based Einstein Telescope (ET) and the space-borne Deci-Herz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO). The SNe Ia data are simulated from the observations of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST) that will be collected over the next few decades. A binning method is adopted to match the GW data with the SNe Ia data at the same redshift z with a selection criterion , and most of the available data from the GW measurements is employed to detect cosmic opacity due to improvements in the distribution of the future SNe Ia observations. Results show that the uncertainties of the constraints on cosmic opacity can be reduced to and 0.0014 at the confidence level (CL) for 1000 data points from the ET and DECIGO measurements, respectively. Compared with the allowable limits of intergalactic opacity obtained from quasar continuum observations, these future astronomical observations can be used to verify the cosmic opacity. In this way, GW and SNe Ia measurements can be used as important and effective tools to detect cosmic opacity in the future.

Cosmological-model-independent tests of cosmic distance duality relation with Type Ia supernovae and radio quasars

“…These are two typical parameterizations, and have been widely used [10,11]. If ǫ 1 /ǫ 2 = 0, it means that photon number is conserved and the CDDR is valid.…”

“…e.g., the parameter of the CDDR is constrained by the parametrization function τ (z) rather than η(z), and their relation is e τ (z)/2 = η(z) [9]. Many scholars combine gravitational wave with electromagnetic wave data to constrain τ (z), because gravitational wave does not need to satisfy the condition of photon number conservation in the process of gravitational wave propagation [10][11][12]. In this paper, we only use the data of electromagnetic waves (Supernovae and quasars) and the parameterization of optical depth (F 1 : τ (z) = 2ǫ 1 z, F 2 : τ (z) = (1 + z) 2ǫ2 − 1) to study the effectiveness of CD-DR.…”

Joint constraints on cosmological parameters using future multi-band gravitational wave standard siren observations

“…The GW waveform encodes the information of the luminosity distance, which is called a standard siren (Schutz 1986;Holz & Hughes 2005). Applying GW standard sirens in cosmology has recently been widely discussed in the literature (Holz & Hughes 2005;Dalal et al 2006;Cutler & Holz 2009;Bian et al 2021;Cai & Yang 2017;Cai et al 2018a;Cai & Yang 2018;Zhang 2019;Chen 2020;Gray et al 2020;Zhao et al 2011Zhao et al , 2018Du et al 2019;Cai et al 2018b;Yang et al 2020Yang et al , 2019Bachega et al 2020;Chang et al 2019;He 2019;Zhao et al 2020;Wang et al 2022b;Qi et al 2021;Jin et al 2021;Zhu et al 2022b;de Souza et al 2022;Wang et al 2022a;Wu et al 2022;Jin et al 2022b;Hou et al 2022;Califano et al 2022;Wang et al 2022d;Dhani et al 2022;Colgáin 2022;Song et al 2022;Cao et al 2022;Leandro et al 2022;Fu et al 2021;Ye & Fishbach 2021;Chen e...…”