Exploring the Psychology of Interest

Silvia, Paul J.

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158557.001.0001

Cited by 580 publications

(509 citation statements)

References 416 publications

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“…39 In particular, 2 specific cognitive appraisal processes seem to be related to interest: (1) an evaluation of the event's novelty and complexity, and (2) an evaluation of the event's comprehensibility. 40 These 2 appraisal processes can occur automatically and outside of awareness, 41 which could explain why the MSET (which mainly involves controlled processes) did not correlate with lack of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease

Esposito

Rochat

Linden

et al. 2010

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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Apathy, defined as a reduction in voluntary goal-directed behaviors, is one of the most common behavioral symptoms encountered in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, the processes underlying the different components of apathy are still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore a particularly important aspect of executive function in daily life: multitasking [assessed with the Modified Six Elements Task (MSET)], and its relationship with apathy in AD. Sixty-seven participants (37 AD patients matched with 30 control participants) were screened using the MSET. Simultaneously, a close relative of each patient was given the Apathy Inventory, which assesses 3 distinct dimensions of apathy (lack of initiative, lack of interest, and emotional blunting). AD patients presented significantly more multitasking deficits than control participants. In addition, regression analyses revealed that the number of rule breaks on the MSET (inability to perform several tasks in a predefined time observing a number of rules) was the best predictor of apathy, and especially of lack of initiative. These results suggest that the relation between lack of initiative and multitasking has a specific character and that mechanisms underlying multitasking constitute a key component of goal-directed behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease

Esposito

Rochat

Linden

et al. 2010

Alzheimer Disease &Amp; Associated Disorders

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“…In research examining the development of expressions of interest, Camras et al (2002) found that interested infants still their bodies, adopt a sober facial expression, and exhibit less fussing and distress. Studies of both children (Camras et al, 2002;Langsdorf et al, 1983) and adults (Reeve, 1993;Reeve & Nix, 1997) reveal consistent patterns of facial/body expression correlated with interest (e.g., reduced interest appears as eye blinks, closing of the eyes, and lowered heart rates; see Silvia, 2006). As people's interpersonal skills develop, they appear to cultivate behavioral repertoires that enable them to express a wide range of information about underlying emotional responses.…”

Section: The Nature Of Nonverbal Behaviormentioning

confidence: 98%

Can you trust a customer's expression? Insights into nonverbal communication in the retail context

Puccinelli

Motyka

Grewal

2010

Psychology and Marketing

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Synthesizing knowledge from psychology and marketing research, an understanding of nonverbal communication can help address when and how customers express their underlying feelings in retail interactions that are not evident in direct verbal expressions. Examining nonverbal behavior as an indirect measure of consumer response can enable retailers to better understand the needs of their customers. Nonverbal communication theory is used to develop a conceptual framework that builds on prior research on the situation, expressivity, social status, display rules, and their effects on customer expression. Lay wisdom suggests that customer expression should be revealing (e.g., "the eyes are the windows to the soul"). However, research reveals a myriad of situational factors that may lead customers to mask their true feelings. This paper offers nine theoretical propositions and summarizes research evidence related to these pro-positions from various substantive domains for marketing research.

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“…Fifth, socially anxious people who experience high levels of curiosity, or appraise certain events as having a high possibility to satisfy curiosity, may be more likely to engage in approach behavior amidst conflicting avoidance motivations. Exposure to novel and challenging situations such as risk-taking sports or meeting new people often evoke feelings of both anxiety and curiosity (Kashdan, 2004;Silvia, 2006;Spielberger & Starr, 1994). Although socially anxious people are defined by frequent, intense, enduring, and easily triggered anxious reactions, exploratory responses can derive from situations that evoke intense curiosity from potential incentives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social anxiety and disinhibition: An analysis of curiosity and social rank appraisals, approach–avoidance conflicts, and disruptive risk-taking behavior

Kashdan

Elhai

Breen

2008

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

109

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We examined how social anxiety is related to appraisals for various disinhibited behaviors and sought to identify potential subgroups of socially anxious people. College students completed trait measures and appraised disinhibited behaviors on their potential for threat, opportunity to satisfy curiosity, and ability to enhance social status. Three months later, participants were asked to report on their frequency of disinhibited behaviors since the initial assessment. People with greater social anxiety demonstrated frequent approach-avoidance conflicts -co-existing recognition of threats and rewards -about social interactions and disinhibited behaviors. Even when asked about the activity most likely to be avoided, participants with greater social anxiety evaluated these as having potential to satisfy curiosity and advance their social status. Three qualitatively different groups of people were identified based on social anxiety tendencies and approach-avoidance appraisal patterns. Groups differed on the degree of approach-avoidance conflicts, measures of psychological and social wellbeing, and frequency of social interactions and disinhibited behaviors. Moderately socially anxious people who were approach oriented reported the most difficulties. Results suggest that social anxiety is associated with tension between competing desires to avoid anxiety and explore. However, there appears to be important variability in the regulatory orientation, behavior, and well-being of socially anxious people. Conclusions about the nature of social anxiety may be compromised by not attending to existing differences in self-regulatory orientation and strategies.Keywords social anxiety; emotion regulation; curiosity; social rank; sexual activity; aggression; substance abuse One of the core components of social anxiety is an approach-avoidance conflict between wanting to make a good impression and form relationships with other people yet wanting to avoid exposure to negative evaluation (Clark & Wells, 1995;Gilbert, 2001;Kashdan, 2007; Contact Author: Todd B. Kashdan, Department of Psychology, MS 3F5, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, Email: E-mail: tkashdan@gmu.edu, Office Phone : 703-993-9486, Fax: 703-993-1359, website: http://mason.gmu.edu/∼tkashdan. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptRapee & . The motivation to avoid negative evaluation leads many socially anxious people to avoid or escape social situations. Most work on social anxiety has focused on over-regula...

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Exploring the Psychology of Interest

Cited by 580 publications

References 416 publications

Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease

Apathy and Executive Dysfunction in Alzheimer Disease

Can you trust a customer's expression? Insights into nonverbal communication in the retail context

Social anxiety and disinhibition: An analysis of curiosity and social rank appraisals, approach–avoidance conflicts, and disruptive risk-taking behavior

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