Differentiated gender roles in adulthood are rooted in one's gender role socialization. In order to understand the persistence of gender inequalities in the domestic sphere, we need to examine the gendered patterns of children's housework time. Although researchers have identified behavior modeling as a major mechanism of gender role reproduction and characterized gender socialization as a contextually embedded process, few have investigated contextual variation in behavior modeling, particularly in non-Western developing countries. Analyzing data from the China Family Panel Studies 2010, the author examined the differences in behavior modeling between boys and girls age 10-15 from 2-parent families (N = 1,903) in rural and urban China. The results revealed distinctive gendered interplays in the way parental housework and employment behavior helps shape children's housework time. This analysis is a crucial illustration of how the distinctive sociocultural contexts of rural and urban China moderate the effects of housework-behavior modeling on intergenerational gender role socialization. In the past few decades, despite a rise in women's paid employment, women in both China and the West continue to shoulder the lion's share of housework (Bittman, England, Sayer, Folbre, & Matheson, 2003;Gershuny, 2003;Yu, 2014). Although this gender gap has usually been addressed in relation to adults' housework activities (e.g., Bittman et al., 2003;Gershuny, 2004;Yu, 2014), such gendered patterns can be traced back to differentiated socialization during childhood (Goffman, 1977;Raley & Bianchi, 2006). Researchers in countries such as the United States (Blair, 1992;Manke, Seery, Crouter, & McHale, 1994), Sweden (Evertsson, 2006), and Spain (Álvarez & Miles-Touya, 2012) have found that girls spend twice as much time as boys on housework, mirroring their adult counterparts. Given that the influence of early formations of gender identity, preferences, and behavior may persist in later life (Lundberg, 2005), it is important to examine the gendered socialization of children's housework behavior as a mechanism for the (re)production of gender inequalities.Family matters as a "gender depot" (Goffman, 1977). In contemporary China, despite the strict enforcement of gender egalitarianism in the public sphere (Evans & Strauss, 2011), family remains a major site in which differentiated gender roles are reproduced (Zuo & Bian, 2001). Previous research has identified behavior modeling-children's imitation of parents' housework and employment behavior-as a key mechanism of gender role reproduction (Cunningham, 2001a(Cunningham, , 2001b, a fact that underlines the importance of intergenerational relationships between parents and children (Gupta, 2006;Raley & Bianchi, 2006). Despite its significant influence on children's gender roles, the institution of family does not operate alone (Greenstein, 1996). As Cunningham (2001b) noted, behavior modeling theorists have usually isolated intergenerational processes as an independent entity of a...