Exploring the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in MENA countries

Al‐mulali, Usama; Fereidouni, Hassan Gholipour; Lee, Janice Yim Mei; Sab, Che Normee Binti Che

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.041

Cited by 381 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Hence, the combined effects of increasing income, industrialization, services, and urbanization will not lead to a fall in energy intensity in the long term in Saudi Arabia. These findings conform to those of Jones [2], Parikh and Shukla [4], Burney [3], Holtedahl and Joutz [5], York [6], Liu [27], Poumanyvong et al [10], Shahbaz and Lean [8], Adom et al [9], Al-mulali et al [11] and Ma [17].…”

Section: Short-and Long-term Elasticitiessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…We are limited here to econometric studies. Many previous studies (e.g., [2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11]17,27] found that urbanization positively affects energy consumption. Jones [2] analyzed the effect of urbanization on energy use by estimating a regression linear model for 59 developing countries during the year 1980.…”

Section: Review Of Empirical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the same methodology employed by Shahbaz and Lean [8], Adom et al [9] found a positive impact of urbanization on electricity consumption in Ghana over the period 1975-2005. Al-mulali et al [11] studied the relationship between energy consumption, urbanization, and CO 2 emissions for a panel of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period 1980-2009. They found that the three variables are cointegrated and there is a long-term bi-directional positive relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO 2 emissions.…”

Section: Review Of Empirical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the findings of various empirical studies are mixed and have not led to a clear conclusion. Some have concluded that urbanization positively affects energy consumption [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Others empirical works have found that urbanization can negatively affect energy use [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Urbanization on Energy Intensity in Saudi Arabia

Belloumi

Alshehry

2016

Sustainability

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This paper investigates the long-term and causal relationship between energy intensity, real GDP per capita, urbanization and industrialization in Saudi Arabia over the period 1971-2012 using the breakpoint unit root tests developed by Perron (1989) and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model bounds testing to cointegration proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001) and employing a modified version of the Granger causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto (1995). Additionally, to test the robustness of the results, the fully modified ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, the dynamic OLS regression, and the Hansen test are used. Our results show that the variables are cointegrated when energy intensity is the dependent variable. It is also found that urbanization positively affects energy intensity in both the short term and the long term. Causality tests indicate that urbanization causes economic output that causes energy intensity in the long term. Our results do not support the urban compaction hypothesis where urban cities benefit from basic public services and economies of scale for public infrastructure. Therefore, measures that slow down the rapid urbanization process should be taken to reduce energy intensity in Saudi Arabia. In addition, reducing energy inefficiency in energy consumption should be a strategy to attain sustainable development in the near future in Saudi Arabia.

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Section: Short-and Long-term Elasticitiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Review Of Empirical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Empirical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Impact of Urbanization on Energy Intensity in Saudi Arabia

Belloumi

Alshehry

2016

Sustainability

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show abstract

“…However, Sadorsky (2009) presents that oil price increases have a smaller but negative impact on renewable energy consumption. Al-Mulali et al (2013) explored the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission in the MENA countries and found that there was a long run bi-directional positive relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission. However, the significance of the long run relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emission varied across the countries based on their level of income and development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%