Exploring the Relationship of Health Beliefs and Self-Care Behaviors Related to Diabetic Foot Ulcers of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers are an invasive complication of diabetes and are increasing. This study investigates the relationship between health beliefs and foot self-care behaviors, among people with type II diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted, and 98 patients were recruited from outpatient clinics of the endocrine department. The questionnaires of Demographic, Diabetes Foot Ulcer Health Belief Scale (Health Beliefs, DFUHBS), and Diabetes Foot Self-Care Behavior Scale (Self Care, DFSBS) were used to collect data. Results: Among the subjects living alone or who had diabetes less than ten years, the score of DFSBS was significantly lower than among those living with families or who had diabetes for ten years or more. The frequency of performing diabetes foot self-care behavior, among males was lower than among females significantly. Although there was no significant difference in the Health Belief total score, there were differences in the benefit subscale. Those who had junior high school level or less or had diabetes less than ten years, their score was significantly lower than those with senior high school level or more or had diabetes ten years or more. In a multivariable regression model, living with family, diabetes duration, and health beliefs explained 42.9% of the variance of diabetic-foot self-care behaviors. Conclusions: Living alone, shorter duration of diabetes, male gender, and lower health belief scores predict less adequate diabetic foot self-care behavior. Health care providers should assess these factors when designing individual care plans.

Exploring barriers and enablers of self‐management behaviours in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A qualitative study from the perceptions of patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in primary care

“…Previous studies to understand the relationship between illness/health perception and DFU care and self‐management behaviours mostly used quantitative methods 20,21,29 . Qualitative research is well placed to understand how individuals experience and respond to particular situations and conditions regarding health and illness 30 .…”

Promoting foot self‐care in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients receiving hemodialysis based on the information‐motivation‐behavioral skills model

“…According to previous reports (Kim et al, 2023; Lael‐Monfared et al, 2019; Qasim et al, 2021; Sari et al, 2020; Tsai et al, 2021), the IMB model's knowledge, attitude, social support, and foot care self‐efficacy was related to foot self‐care behavior in patients with T2DM. This study defined information, the first component of the IMB model, as the knowledge required for T2DM patients receiving HD to engage in foot self‐care behavior.…”

“…Demographic and clinical factors include age (Lael‐Monfared et al, 2019; Sari et al, 2020) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (Kim & Han, 2020). Cognitive factors include knowledge (Jia et al, 2022), attitude (Jia et al, 2022; Tsai et al, 2021), health beliefs (Tsai et al, 2021), and self‐efficacy (Lael‐Monfared et al, 2019), while social support (Sari et al, 2020) is a psychosocial factor. These factors may directly or indirectly affect the foot self‐care behavior of patients with T2DM receiving HD.…”

Study Phenomenology Of Wound Care In Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) Patients With Theory Of Planned Behavior Approach

“…This makes a person must comply with the recommended behavior that will direct his goals. Behavioral beliefs are theorized to produce positive or negative attitudes toward behavior (Vedhara, et al, 2014;Tsai et al, 2021).…”

“…The family is the closest individual or group whose advice the participants may listen to, and who supports or opposes their behavior with the treatment. Qualitative and quantitative studies find that family and friends can help patients manage diabetes (Ishak, et al, 2017;Tsai et al, 2021). Not only support from family, but participants also revealed that they have family members with a history of the same disease.…”