Exploring the Reusability of Synthetically Contaminated Wastewater Containing Crystal Violet Dye using Tectona grandis Sawdust as a Very Low-Cost Adsorbent

Abstract

Present investigation explores the possible reusability of synthetically contaminated wastewater containing crystal violet (CV) organic dye using Tectona grandis sawdust (TGSD) waste as a very low-cost adsorbent. The adsorbent was characterized by proximate, SEM/EDX, FTIR, and XRD analyses. Batch adsorption studies were carried under changing conditions of contact time, the initial concentration of CV, pH, TGSD dose, TGSD particle size, and temperature. The experimental data were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models, and the data were best followed by Langmuir one. The kinetic results were examined in the light of different models and pseudo-second-order was obtained to be best obeyed. The values of ΔH° (28.642 kJ/mol), ΔG° (-10.776 to -7.080 kJ/mol) and ΔS° (121.8 J/K/mol) in the temperature range of 293–323 K suggested the overall process to be spontaneous, endothermic and associated with an increase in randomness. On the basis of experimental results and their analyses, it has been established that TGSD is one of the most effective adsorbents among those obtained from the domestic, agricultural and industrial wastes. Thus this adsorbent can be effectively utilized to make the impure wastewater reusable.

Adsorptive Removal of Basic Dyes and Hexavalent Chromium from Synthetic Industrial Effluent: Adsorbent Screening, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

“…Kinetic study revealed that adsorption was best described by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Adsorption equilibrium data were found to be best fitted by Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was observed to be 131.58 mg g -1 .The thermodynamic study showed that the decontamination of CV by TGSD was spontaneous, endothermic and associated with an increase in entropy [11].…”

Acid-factionalized biomass material for methylene blue dye removal: a comprehensive adsorption and mechanism study

“…Generally, various biomass and agricultural wastes are preferred for preparing carbonaceous adsorbents due to its multiple advantages such as renewability, low-cost precursor, and environment friendliness [21]. Biomass materials and agricultural wastes were widely utilized as low-cost biosorbents for the removal of cationic dyes dye such as Citrus limetta peel waste [22], Cucumis sativus peel waste [23], Punica granatum peel [24], sulphuric acid-treated orange peel [25], fallen leaves [26], Tectona grandis sawdust [27], and Luffa aegyptiaca peel [28]. The adsorption capacity and surface property of the adsorbent prepared from biomass depend on the type of chemical activator, and the source of the precursor, in addition to the activation process [29].…”

Utilization of Punica granatum peel as an eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

“…A literature survey showed that researchers have developed and used a wide variety of low-cost adsorbents for the removal of dyes. Some notable examples are almond shells, 18 Citrus limetta peel, 19 cottonseed hull, 20 Cucumis sativus peel, 21 egg shells, 22 eucalyptus bark, 23 Indian rosewood sawdust, 24 neem leaf powder, 25 mango seed, 26 orange peel, [27][28][29] peanut hull, 30 pomelo peel, 31,32 Psidium guajava leaf, 33 shaddock peel, 34 Terminalia arjuna sawdust, 35 Tectona grandis sawdust, 36 wheat bran, 37…”