Exploring the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis on mate competition in two wild populations of Trinidadian guppies

Chuard, Pierre; Grant, James W. A.; Ramnarine, Indar W.; Brown, G. E.

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104225

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…According to our study, it seems beneficial that the horses' reactions were somewhat limited. Unnecessary responses generate costs for animals (19) and reduce human safety (50). Animals have to choose between acquiring resources (like food) and eliciting antipredator responses (22).…”

Section: Tab 7 Sounds Grouped Into Effect Categories (Different Degre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptive ability of herbivores to assess a threat is based on the trade-off between satisfying basic needs and detecting/avoiding potential dangers (22,23). A reaction inadequate to the degree of threat may result in unnecessary energy expenditure related to the constant readiness to confront the predator or even in death (19). The domestic horse (Equus caballus), as the so-called flight animal, is particularly sensitive to environmental stimuli (50).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Horses’ perception of a threat posed by sounds of different origin

Janicka¹,

Wilk²,

RYŻAK³

2022

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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The aim of the study was to assess the behavioural reaction and emotional arousal of warmblood horses in response to sounds of different origin, and to classify those sounds into neutral ones, those causing a behavioural change and those causing a behavioural and physiological stress response. We tested the hypothesis that the perception of a sound as neutral or potentially threatening does not simply depend on the sound origin per se, but rather on the context in which the sound occurrs (predictability), additionally enhanced by the novelty effect. Recordings of 40 sounds, known (KS) and unknown (US), from four groups: anthropogenic (AS), neutral animal (NAS), predator (PS), and inanimate environment sounds (IES), were played to 20 warmblood horses remaining in their familiar paddock. The duration, frequency or occurrence of certain behaviours (e.g. walking, feeding, standing alert, stopping current activity), the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. The horses’ reactions were rather weak and short-term. Most of the sounds resulted in distraction (increase in alertness). The horses ate less, walked and stood alert longer, and had a higher HR after certain sounds were played. The strongest stress response (physiological and behavioural) to NAS, mostly US, was observed. PS caused behavioural disturbance, but no cardiac activity changes. The weakest responses were observed for AS and IES. Modern, stable-kept horses remain vigilant to auditory stimuli in their environment and differentiate their responses to different sounds. The perception of a threat posed by sounds depends on their unpredictability and novelty.

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Section: Tab 7 Sounds Grouped Into Effect Categories (Different Degre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Horses’ perception of a threat posed by sounds of different origin

Janicka¹,

Wilk²,

RYŻAK³

2022

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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“…In recent decades, the diversity of fishes tested for response to alarm cues from injured conspecifics has expanded significantly (Chivers & Smith, 1998; Ferrari et al., 2010; Pandey et al., 2021; Wisenden, 2015), but variation in alarm reactions within species, such as between sexes or populations, has received less attention. If the costs of missed mating or foraging opportunities are significantly more pronounced in one sex over the other (e.g., high intrasexual competition) or one sex invests more in reproductive output (i.e., the Asset Protection Principle), we might expect differences in the magnitude or duration of alarm reactions between males and females (Chuard et al., 2020; Clark, 1994; Magurran & Maciás Garcia, 2000). Further, comparative studies of wild populations with variable mortality rates due to predators have provided substantial evidence for local adaptation of antipredator behavior in fish (Evans et al., 2011; Wadgymar et al., 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral response to chemical cues from injured conspecifics in the livebearing fish, Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora

Duffy,

Johnson

2024

Ethology

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Predator–prey dynamics have led to a strong selection of prey's ability to detect and respond to information about the risk environment. Further, intrinsic factors, such as sex, may cause prey to perceive and respond to information differently. Chemical alarm cues from injured conspecifics are a classic example of how prey have evolved to use publicly available information to shape their behavior and enhance fitness, yet sex‐specific alarm reactions are rarely considered. The purpose of our study was to compare how males and females respond to conspecific chemical alarm cues in the livebearing fish species, Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora. Furthermore, we tested males and females from populations with a high‐ or low‐predation environment. Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora showed strong alarm reactions, but contrary to our predictions, showed limited variation due to sex or predation environment. We found that males and females from both populations displayed lower activity levels and increased their swimming depth when exposed to an alarm cue, despite variable and consistent baseline behaviors among individuals. These data further contribute to our understanding of what factors shape the evolution of behavioral responses to chemical alarm cues in fishes.

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“…The behavioral response of an individual might depend on the sex of its social partner. For example, males in sexual contexts generally court females (suitable sexual partners) but aggressively repel other males (rivals), as observed in birds ( Mays and Hopper 2004 ; Cain et al 2011 ), fishes ( Wong 2004 ; Chuard et al 2020 ), mice ( Palanza et al 1996 ; Stowers et al 2002 ), primates ( Harrison and Tardif 1989 ), and salamanders ( Dantzer and Jaeger 2007 ). Lactating female mice in non-sexual contexts direct more aggression toward male than female conspecific nest intruders, as males are more likely to harm or destroy their litter ( Parmigiani et al 1988 ).…”

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Sex recognition does not modulate aggression toward nest intruders in a paper wasp

et al. 2022

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During social interactions, the behavior of an individual often depends on the sex of its social partner. Many animal societies have males and females that play very different behavioral roles, although they coexist and interact non-sexually. At specific phases of the colony cycle, social wasp females and males are contemporaries within a nest, they often interact, although mating occurs mostly off the nest, therefore providing an opportunity to test sex discrimination in contexts other than classical sexual ones. We performed a lure presentation experiment to test if Mischocyttarus metathoracicus discriminate between conspecifics of the two sexes during on-nest social interactions. Female wasps discriminated conspecific sex during experimentally simulated nest intrusions. Visual and chemical cues may account for this sex discrimination. Despite sex discrimination (evidenced by differential inspective behavior from the nest females toward the female and the male lures), female wasps were as aggressive toward lures of both sexes. In the female dominated hymenopteran societies, males are often subordinate and not aggressive on nest, resulting in females directing less aggression to them compared to other females. Instead, M. metathoracicus males and females are both aggressive toward nestmates, so they might be perceived as similar threat during on-nest social interactions.

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Exploring the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis on mate competition in two wild populations of Trinidadian guppies

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Horses’ perception of a threat posed by sounds of different origin

Horses’ perception of a threat posed by sounds of different origin

Behavioral response to chemical cues from injured conspecifics in the livebearing fish, Brachyrhaphis rhabdophora

Sex recognition does not modulate aggression toward nest intruders in a paper wasp

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