Exploring Traps in Forest and Marine Socio-Ecological Systems of Southern and Austral Chile

Nahuelhual, Laura; Saavedra, Gonzalo; Jullian, Cristobal; Mellado, María Amalia; Benra, Felipe

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28452-7_18

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Low mountain areas in this biome should be the focus of future policies regarding the forestry industry. In Chile, the forestry sector has still not achieved sustainable development, although constitutional and socioeconomic evolution has improved the situation in recent years [49,51,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly on social and environmental matters, the industry lacks sustainable development [49,50]. In the case of the municipality of Panguipulli, located in the Los Rios region, new conservation policies such as Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) and REDD+ increase the already strong inequalities of land ownership existing in the area, as large landowners have better bargaining possibilities and can guarantee ecosystem services at lower costs [51]. On the other hand, in the northern area, which is prone to more frequent drought events-for example, the megadrought between 2010 and 2015-forest plantations are the only land cover class, which has an observable greening effect in the enhanced vegetation index (EVI).…”

Section: Low Mountains Areas: Exotic Forest Plantations Paradisementioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the Differences in Landcover Patterns in High Mountains and Low Mountain Environments within the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Biome in Chile

Hora

Almonacid

González‐Reyes

2022

Land

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The Valdivian temperate rainforest (VTR) is a biome on the South American continent with high endemism that has experienced an intensive land-cover change in recent decades due to the expansion of agriculture, plantations of introduced forests, and urban growth. Today, the biome hosts key parts of the country’s agricultural and forestry industries. Previous studies focused on quantifying native forest and plantation cover area and exotic forest plantation area, among others. However, the importance of mountain areas as refuge of native forest in Chile remains unexplored. The aim of this research is to highlight the role of latitude and slope on land cover in the VTR. A new methodological approach was used combining global classified datasets. Our results indicate that high mountain areas are the core location of the remaining primary forests and endemism whereas low mountain areas are dominated by exotic forest plantations. Between 40–48° S (The Los Ríos, Los Lagos, and Aysén Regions and high-mountain areas), in general, serve as a natural reservoir where human-induced land-cover change has not occurred on a large scale. Most public and private conservation areas are in high mountain areas, whereas low mountain areas and plain areas lack conservation schemes and are more prone to land cover change towards forestry. Considering geomorphological features in land cover change analysis can reveal interesting new perspectives in this research area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low Mountains Areas: Exotic Forest Plantations Paradisementioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Differences in Landcover Patterns in High Mountains and Low Mountain Environments within the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Biome in Chile

Hora

Almonacid

González‐Reyes

2022

Land

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“…Direct causes include selective logging (legal and illegal), forest fires, overgrazing, and invasive species [36]. Indirect causes have been reported including poverty, inadequate conservation and management policies, institutional weaknesses, and various economic and technological factors [37][38][39]. The increase in the demand for fuelwood due to population growth has been identified as the main indirect driver in recent decades [38,40].…”

Section: Degradation 1 and Loss Of Native Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…subsidies under the Native Forest Law); (ii) the lack of monitoring of their implementation, as in the case of forest and fisheries management plans; (iii) the lack of resources for their control, as is the case with the Artisanal Fishers Register or fishing quotas. In some cases, these instruments lack legitimacy, leading to non-compliance, as has been documented in the case of the Artisanal Fishers Registry and illegal crab fishing in the Magallanes Region (see [37,86]). Our review of land-use planning instruments indicates that biodiversity conservation is largely contingent on the economic development strategies of the regions [126,127].…”

Section: Institutional Factors and Environmental Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of Change in Ecosystems of Chilean Patagonia: Current and Projected Trends

Nahuelhual,

Carmona

2023

Integrated Science

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Identifying and analyzing the effects of anthropogenic drivers on ecosystems is a critical step in conservation planning. This chapter identifies and analyzes the evolution of direct and indirect drivers of change in the ecosystems of Chile's Patagonia region. We analyzed native forest degradation, mining expansion, tourism, energy generation, agriculture and livestock, and fisheries and aquaculture production as direct drivers. As indirect drivers we included demographic dynamics, economic growth, and institutional factors. Using a cluster analysis, we identified eight types of municipalities that reflect differentiated territorial characteristics and dynamics in terms of these drivers. These included municipalities characterized primarily by dynamics of urban growth, mining, tourism, aquaculture, forest exploitation, livestock development, and particularities in the ethnic composition of the territories, as well as municipalities where the drivers were concentrated in a non-distinguishable way. This diversity of situations suggests the need for differentiated conservation strategies that target the specific pressures on the different ecosystems and territories of South Patagonia.

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“…Abel et al (2006) propose that an excess subsidy from higher panarchy scales may increase the lower scales' dependency, reducing their selforganizing capabilities. Therefore, exploring cross-scale interactions, such as obstacles or traps (Haider et al 2018, Nahuelhual et al 2019, is essential to understand the system's dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptive cycle and the ecosystem services: a social-ecological analysis of Chiloé Island, southern Chile

Pérez-Orellana¹,

Delgado²,

Marı́n³

2020

E&S

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We used the adaptive cycle as a heuristic to conceptualize the changes in ecosystem services between its phases (growth, conservation, collapse, and reorganization) for Chiloé Island (southern Chile), analyzed as a social-ecological system. We generated hypothetical relationships between services and phases based on literature articles, testing them with secondary databases for 1826-2016 and interviews with local actors. Results show that the island is currently either in a late conservation phase or already in a collapse phase. Only provisioning ecosystem services corresponded with the proposed phases' relationships, while regulation-maintenance and cultural services showed long-term decreasing trends. We discuss cross-scale interactions and political centralism as the main factors preventing a local adaptive scheme that may start a reorganization phase.

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Exploring Traps in Forest and Marine Socio-Ecological Systems of Southern and Austral Chile

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Unraveling the Differences in Landcover Patterns in High Mountains and Low Mountain Environments within the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Biome in Chile

Unraveling the Differences in Landcover Patterns in High Mountains and Low Mountain Environments within the Valdivian Temperate Rainforest Biome in Chile

Drivers of Change in Ecosystems of Chilean Patagonia: Current and Projected Trends

The adaptive cycle and the ecosystem services: a social-ecological analysis of Chiloé Island, southern Chile

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