Explosive and Taggant Detection with Ionscan

Danylewych-May, Lucy L.; Cumming, C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-0639-1_37

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…There is a growing interest in trace analysis of explosives due to illegal use of these compounds [1]. High security areas, such as airports and national buildings, have invested extensive research in to the development of trace-level explosives detectors [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional selectivity for explosives in IMS has been achieved by altering reactant ion chemistry with chloride [8,9] and bromide [9]. In addition to enhanced selectivity, the formation of chloride adducts with unstable explosive compounds were shown to enable ion stability, especially at higher IMS temperatures [10]. IMS instruments have been used in airport settings, for routine luggage checks and for post explosion settings [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of suspected interferents for TNT detection by ion mobility spectrometry

Matz

Tornatore

Hill

2001

Talanta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of suspected interferents for TNT detection by ion mobility spectrometry

Matz

Tornatore

Hill

2001

Talanta

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“…1(c)) and ortho ‐mononitrotoluene ( o ‐MNT, Fig. 1(d)) 2. DMNB was identified as the odorant of choice for marking plastic explosives as it is a white crystalline solid, has a relatively high vapour pressure (2.07 × 10 −3 Torr at 25°C) compared with the plastic explosive 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX) (1.4 × 10 −9 Torr at 25°C, Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a number of technologies that are used for the detection of explosives that may be suitable for the detection of taggants including ion mobility spectrometry (IMS),2–4 solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography,5 capillary electrophoresis chromatography (CEC),6 fluorescent detection (using zinc coordination compounds),7, 8 amplifying fluorescent polymer and organic nanofibril film sensors9, 10 and voltammetric sensing 11. IMS is one of the most commonly used techniques for explosive detection, typically employing temperatures above 100°C to volatilise these compounds.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 where the clear DMNB signal in the low‐temperature plasmogram (40°C) is markedly diminished even at 81°C where a concomitant rise in other ion signals is observed 12. It has been suggested that this effect is due to thermal decomposition and/or ion‐molecule reactions of either neutral or ionised DMNB 1–4, 13–15. The structures of ions resulting from either of these processes have yet to be experimentally characterised and the suggested pathways for their formation have only been inferred from the solution‐phase chemistry of nitroalkanes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation pathways of 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane cations in the gas phase

Paine

Kirk

Ellis-Steinborner

et al. 2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Abstract2,3‐Dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane (DMNB) is an explosive taggant added to plastic explosives during manufacture making them more susceptible to vapour‐phase detection systems. In this study, the formation and detection of gas‐phase [M+H]+, [M+Li]+, [M+NH4]+ and [M+Na]+ adducts of DMNB was achieved using electrospray ionisation on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The [M+H]+ ion abundance was found to have a strong dependence on ion source temperature, decreasing markedly at source temperatures above 50°C. In contrast, the [M+Na]+ ion demonstrated increasing ion abundance at source temperatures up to 105°C. The relative susceptibility of DMNB adduct ions toward dissociation was investigated by collision‐induced dissociation. Probable structures of product ions and mechanisms for unimolecular dissociation have been inferred based on fragmentation patterns from tandem mass (MS/MS) spectra of source‐formed ions of normal and isotopically labelled DMNB, and quantum chemical calculations. Both thermal and collisional activation studies suggest that the [M+Na]+ adduct ions are significantly more stable toward dissociation than their protonated analogues and, as a consequence, the former provide attractive targets for detection by contemporary rapid screening methods such as desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2009 Commonwealth of Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Detection of volatile vapors emitted from explosives with a handheld ion mobility spectrometer

Ewing

Miller

2001

Field Analytical Chem & Tech

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Vapor detection of plastic explosives is difficult because of the low vapor pressures of explosive components (i.e. RDX and PETN) present in the complex elastomeric matrix. To facilitate vapor detection of plastic explosives, detection agents (taggants) with higher vapor pressures can be added to bulk explosives during manufacture. This paper investigates the detection of two of these taggants, ethyleneglycol dinitrate (EGDN) and 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), using a handheld ion mobility spectrometer. These two taggants were detected both from neat vapor sources as well as from bulk explosives (nitroglycerin (NG)-dynamite and C-4 tagged with DMNB). EGDN was detected from NGdynamite as EGDN·NO 3− at a reduced mobility value of 1.45 cm 2 V −1 s −1 with detection limits estimated to be about 10 ppb v . DMNB was identified from tagged C-4 as both negative and positive ions with reduced mobility values of 1.33 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for DMNB·NO 2 − and 1.44 cm 2 V −1 s −1 for DMNB·NH 4 + . Positive ions for cyclohexanone were also apparent in the spectra from tagged C-4 producing three additional peaks.

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Explosive and Taggant Detection with Ionscan

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Evaluation of suspected interferents for TNT detection by ion mobility spectrometry

Evaluation of suspected interferents for TNT detection by ion mobility spectrometry

Fragmentation pathways of 2,3‐dimethyl‐2,3‐dinitrobutane cations in the gas phase

Detection of volatile vapors emitted from explosives with a handheld ion mobility spectrometer

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